Effect of Gaseous Penetration of Pr,Mn into BaTiO_3 Ceramics on Structure and Electrical Properties

Pure BaTiO_3 ceramics and Pr,Mn-doped BaTiO_3 ceramics were prepared by a sol-gel method.The pure BaTiO_3 ceramics were modified by the penetration of Pr and Mn in gaseous state, their structure and electrical properties were studied.The results show that the resisitivity of Pr-doped BaTiO_3 ceramics is decreased to 1.01×10~5Ω.m,the resisitivity of Mn-doped BaTiO_3 ceramics is increased to 1.50×10~(13)Ω.m,while both Pr and Mn penetration can decrease the resisitivity of BaTiO_3 ceramics evidently,which is 1.08×10~3Ω.m and 1.29×10~5Ω.m,respectively .The Pr-Mn penetrated BaTiO_3 ceramics show a distinct NTC effect.The XRD results show that the perovskite structure of Pr or Mn doped BaTiO_3 ceramics does not change obviously,but there are new peaks of BaMn_(0.12)Al_(1.88)O_4 and AlsMn_4Pr in Pr-Mn penetrated BaTiO_3 ceramics.The XPS results show that Pr,Mn and C element are penetrated into BaTiO_3 ceramics,leading to the binding energy of modified BaTiO_3 ceramics increase and their stability improve.The SEM results show that Pr and Mn penetration can improve the surface state of BaTiO_3 ceramics,the grains become finer and grow more integrally than pure BaTiO_3 ceramics, the porosity are decreased visibly.