Hydration-Dependent Thermal and Microstructural Characterization of a Collagen-Based 3D Matrix for Periodontal Regeneration

Background: Collagen-based scaffolds are widely used in regenerative applications, where their structural organization and physicochemical stability are essential for clinical performance. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of hydration on the thermal behavior and microstructural characteristics of a collagen-based matrix (Mucoderm®, Botiss Biomaterial GmbH, Zossen-Germany). Methods: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate thermal transitions in dry and rehydrated samples, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was employed to assess surface morphology and elemental composition; Results: The dry sample exhibited a broad endothermic transition at 87.8 °C, which shifted to higher temperatures upon rehydration, reaching 103.5 °C and 112.4 °C after 15 and 30 min, respectively. A corresponding increase in enthalpy values was also observed. SEM analysis revealed a heterogeneous surface morphology characterized by alternating compact and less dense regions, while EDS confirmed the predominance of carbon and oxygen with minor elements present in trace amounts; Conclusions: These findings indicate that hydration influences both the thermal response and structural organization of the scaffold, highlighting the role of water–matrix interactions in determining its physicochemical behavior.