Biological Effects of Bioactive Glass-Containing Self-Adhesive Resin Cements on Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Source abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of bioactive glass-containing self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), focusing on cytocompatibility, odontogenic differentiation, and mineralization. Experimental SARCs containing 0–5 wt% BAG (BG0–BG5) were compared with two commercially available SARCs, RelyX U200 and TheraCem. Eluates were prepared and applied to DPSCs for the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. The result showed there were no significant differences in cell viability across all groups (p > 0.05), indicating that the addition of BAG did not affect cell viability, while the early odontogenic differentiation markers, such as RUNX2, ALP, and COL1A1, showed no clear trend among the groups. However, late-stage markers (DMP-1 and DSPP) were significantly higher in the BG2–BG5 groups relative to the OM group (p < 0.05). IF staining revealed intense signals in the BG2–BG5 groups (p < 0.05) and also ARS staining showed a time-dependent increase in mineral deposition. Within the limitations of this study, BAG-containing SARCs do not negatively impact cytocompatibility and promote late-stage odontogenic differentiation and mineral deposition.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments · Dental materials and restorations · Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
Funding
Kyung Hee University
References (51)
Show source-provided references
1. In Vitro Dentin Barrier Cytotoxicity Testing of Some Dental Restorative Materials10.1016/j.jdent.2017.01.003 ↗
2. Cytotoxicity of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts10.1155/2018/7823467 ↗
3. Cytotoxicity and Microbiological Behavior of Universal Resin Composite Cements10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.004 ↗
4. Effect of Dentine on Release of TEGDMA from Resin Composite in Vitro10.1111/j.1365-2842.1994.tb01160.x ↗
5. Diffusion of Monomers from Bonding Resin-Resin Composite Combinations through Dentine in Vitro10.1016/0300-5712(95)00036-4 ↗
6. TEGDMA-Induced Toxicity in Human Fibroblasts Is Associated with Early and Drastic Glutathione Depletion with Subsequent Production of Oxygen Reactive Species10.1002/jbm.a.10600 ↗
7. HEMA-Induced Cytotoxicity: Oxidative Stress, Genotoxicity and Apoptosis10.1111/iej.12232 ↗
8. Cytotoxic Effects of Hard-Setting Cements Applied on the Odontoblast Cell Line MDPC-2310.1016/j.tripleo.2007.05.017 ↗
9. Postnatal Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) in Vitro and in Vivo10.1073/pnas.240309797 ↗
10. Characterization of Odontoblast-like Cell Phenotype and Reparative Dentin Formation In Vivo: A Comprehensive Literature Review10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.002 ↗
11. Stem/Progenitor Cell–Mediated De Novo Regeneration of Dental Pulp with Newly Deposited Continuous Layer of Dentin in an In Vivo Model10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0518 ↗
12. Dentin Conditioning Codetermines Cell Fate in Regenerative Endodontics10.1016/j.joen.2011.08.027 ↗
13. Hygroscopic and Hydrolytic Effects in Dental Polymer Networks10.1016/j.dental.2005.05.005 ↗
14. Systematic Review of the Chemical Composition of Contemporary Dental Adhesives10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.04.044 ↗
15. Sol-Gel Bioactive Glass Containing Biomaterials for Restorative Dentistry: A Review10.1016/j.dental.2022.02.011 ↗
16. Elution of Leachable Components from Composites10.1111/j.1365-2842.1994.tb01158.x ↗
17. Hench, L.L. (2026, January 28). The Story of Bioglass®|EndNote Click. Available online: https://click.endnote.com/viewer?doi=10.1007%2Fs10856-006-0432-z&token=WzQwMjg0OTgsIjEwLjEwMDcvczEwODU2LTAwNi0wNDMyLXoiXQ.vmq0myMc9FkEh9glCUnSFY21V1o.
18. Bioactive Glasses: From Macro to Nano10.1111/ijag.12028 ↗
19. A Review of the Biological Response to Ionic Dissolution Products from Bioactive Glasses and Glass-Ceramics10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.004 ↗
20. Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses: Structure Characteristics, Drug/Growth Factor Delivery and Bone Regeneration Application10.1098/rsfs.2011.0121 ↗
21. Review of Bioactive Glass: From Hench to Hybrids10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.023 ↗
22. Lee, J.-H., Kang, M.-S., Mahapatra, C., and Kim, H.-W. (2016). Effect of Aminated Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles on the Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. PLoS ONE, 11.10.1371/journal.pone.0150727 ↗
23. Polydopamine-Coated Bioactive Glass for Immunomodulation and Odontogenesis in Pulpitis10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101130 ↗
24. Enhancing Dental Sealant Performance: Effects of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass and 10-MDP on Adhesion and Remineralization10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105869 ↗
25. Kim, H.-J., Jang, J.-H., Woo, S.U., Choi, K.-K., Kim, S.-Y., Ferracane, J.L., Lee, J.-H., Choi, D., Choi, S., and Kim, S. (2021). Effect of Novel Bioactive Glass-Containing Dentin Adhesive on the Permeability of Demineralized Dentin. Materials, 14.10.3390/ma14185423 ↗
26. Effect of Bioactive Glass-Containing Resin Composite on Dentin Remineralization10.1016/j.jdent.2018.05.017 ↗
27. Mechanical performance of novel bioactive glass containing dental restorative composites10.1016/j.dental.2013.08.207 ↗
28. (2021). Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices—Part 12: Sample Preparation and Reference Materials (Standard No. ISO 10993-12:2021).
29. Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT Method10.1006/meth.2001.1262 ↗
30. Cytotoxicity of Commonly Used Luting Cements—An in Vitro Study10.4012/dmj.2014-185 ↗
31. Biocompatibility of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement with Fibroblast Cells10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.01.002 ↗
32. Bond Strength of a New Universal Self-Adhesive Resin Luting Cement to Dentin and Enamel10.1007/s00784-005-0308-5 ↗
33. Kwon, J., Lee, H., Kim, H.-J., and Choi, K.-K. (2026). In Vitro Evaluation of the Performance of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements on Zirconia. J. Funct. Biomater., 17.10.3390/jfb17020070 ↗
34. Physical and Biological Properties of a Newly Developed Calcium Silicate-Based Self-Adhesive Cement
35. Cytotoxic Effects of Different Self-Adhesive Resin Cements: Cell Viability and Induction of Apoptosis10.4047/jap.2020.12.2.89 ↗
36. Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Self Adhesive Composite Resin Cements by Dentin Barrier Test on 3D Pulp Cellss10.1055/s-0039-1697418 ↗
37. Zhou, L., Zhao, S., and Xing, X. (2023). Effects of Different Signaling Pathways on Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Review. Front. Physiol., 14.10.3389/fphys.2023.1272764 ↗
38. Ionic Extraction of a Novel Nano-Sized Bioactive Glass Enhances Differentiation and Mineralization of Human Dental Pulp Cells10.1016/j.joen.2013.08.018 ↗
39. Qu, T., and Liu, X. (2026, February 22). Nano-Structured Gelatin/Bioactive Glass Hybrid Scaffolds for the Enhancement of Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Available online: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/tb/c3tb21002b/unauth.
40. Dentin Matrix Protein 1 and Dentin Sialophosphoprotein in Human Sound and Carious Teeth: An Immunohistochemical and Colorimetric Assay10.4081/ejh.2013.e32 ↗
41. Odontoblast-Like Cells Differentiated from Dental Pulp Stem Cells Retain Their Phenotype after Subcultivation
42. The Biomineralization of a Bioactive Glass-Incorporated Light-Curable Pulp Capping Material Using Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells10.1155/2017/2495282 ↗
43. Effect of Calcium Ion Concentrations on Osteogenic Differentiation and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche-Related Protein Expression in Osteoblasts10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0337 ↗
44. Optimizing Silicon Doping Levels for Enhanced Osteogenic and Angiogenic Properties of 3D-Printed Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds: An in Vitro Screening and in Vivo Validation Study10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101203 ↗
45. The Effect of Si Species Released from Bioactive Glasses on Cell Behaviour: A Quantitative Review10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.012 ↗
46. A Review of the Bioactivity of Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Cements10.1016/j.jdent.2013.12.015 ↗
47. Dose-dependent behavior of bioactive glass dissolution10.1002/jbm.10053 ↗
48. Effects of pH on Mineralization Ability of Human Dental Pulp Cells10.1016/j.joen.2005.10.041 ↗
49. Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stromal Cells on 45S5 Bioglass® Based Scaffolds In Vitro and In Vivo10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0112 ↗
50. Effects of HEMA and TEDGMA on the in Vitro Odontogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Pulp Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from Deciduous Teeth10.1016/j.dental.2011.03.002 ↗
51. Inhibition of Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells by Dental Resin Monomers10.1186/s40824-015-0030-6 ↗