Artificial morality basic device: transistor for mimicking morality logics
Source abstract
Abstract
日益先进的人工智能在生活中的广泛应用, 促进了人工道德问题的产生. 机器人的人工伦理的建立和实施通常是通过被动程序指令解决的, 而在硬件层面的主动实现仍然具有挑战性. 在这里, 受认知心理学和神经生理学的启发, 我们展示了一种典型的人工道德器件. 通过判断善恶和解决道德困境, 器件实现了机器人三定律中的第一定律. 器件展示了自我、本我和超我三种状态, 以及绝对命令、本能漠视、本能冲动、道德义务论、功利主义和利己主义等六种人性. 道德的起源在电子学方面得到了揭示, 这是潜意识和意识之间的对抗性协作. 这项工作为未来人工智能的意识产生和道德形成提供了一条可行的道路.
The source flagged this abstract for review. Check formulas and completeness against the original publication.
Source: expertdata · Quality: needs review · Source record ↗
Source flags: short_text
Source flags: short_text
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment · Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (56)
Show source-provided references
1. Ye M, Shen J, Lin G, et al. Deep learning for person re-identification: A survey and outlook. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell, 2022, 44: 2872–289310.1109/TPAMI.2021.3054775 ↗
2. Wang G, Ye JC, De Man B. Deep learning for tomographic image reconstruction. Nat Mach Intell, 2020, 2: 737–74810.1038/s42256-020-00273-z ↗
3. Reddy S, Allan S, Coghlan S, et al. A governance model for the application of AI in health care. J Am Med Inf Assoc, 2020, 27: 491–49710.1093/jamia/ocz192 ↗
4. Verdoliva L. Media Forensics and DeepFakes: An overview. IEEE J Sel Top Signal Process, 2020, 14: 910–93210.1109/JSTSP.2020.3002101 ↗
5. Tannenbaum C, Ellis RP, Eyssel F, et al. Sex and gender analysis improves science and engineering. Nature, 2019, 575: 137–14610.1038/s41586-019-1657-6 ↗
6. Jobin A, Ienca M, Vayena E. The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nat Mach Intell, 2019, 1: 389–39910.1038/s42256-019-0088-2 ↗
7. Misselhorn C. Artificial systems with moral capacities? A research design and its implementation in a geriatric care system. Artif Intell, 2020, 278: 10317910.1016/j.artint.2019.103179 ↗
8. Bartolozzi C, Indiveri G, Donati E. Embodied neuromorphic intelligence. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 102410.1038/s41467-022-28487-2 ↗
9. Jiang T, Wang Y, Zheng Y, et al. Tetrachromatic vision-inspired neuromorphic sensors with ultraweak ultraviolet detection. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 228110.1038/s41467-023-37973-0 ↗
10. Zheng Y, Wang Y, Li Z, et al. MXene quantum dots/perovskite heterostructure enabling highly specific ultraviolet detection for skin prevention. Matter, 2023, 6: 506–52010.1016/j.matt.2022.11.020 ↗
11. Ding Q, Zhou Z, Wang H, et al. Self-healable, recyclable, ultrastretchable, and high-performance NO2 sensors based on an organohydrogel for room and sub-zero temperature and wireless operation. SmartMat, 2022, 4: e114110.1002/smm2.1141 ↗
12. Duan G, Huang S, Feng Z, et al. Three-terminal artificial olfactory sensors based on emerging materials: Mechanism and application. Adv Funct Mater, 2023, 33: 20220996910.1002/adfm.202209969 ↗
13. Zhang J, Guo P, Guo Z, et al. Retina-inspired artificial synapses with ultraviolet to near-infrared broadband responses for energy-efficient neuromorphic visual systems. Adv Funct Mater, 2023, 33: 237019710.1002/adfm.202370197 ↗
14. Shim H, Jang S, Jang JG, et al. Fully rubbery synaptic transistors made out of all-organic materials for elastic neurological electronic skin. Nano Res, 2021, 15: 758–76410.1007/s12274-021-3602-x ↗
15. Xie D, Yin K, Yang ZJ, et al. Polarization-perceptual anisotropic two-dimensional ReS2 neuro-transistor with reconfigurable neuromorphic vision. Mater Horiz, 2022, 9: 1448–145910.1039/D1MH02036F ↗
16. Wang S, Chen X, Zhao C, et al. An organic electrochemical transistor for multi-modal sensing, memory and processing. Nat Electron, 2023, 6: 281–29110.1038/s41928-023-00950-y ↗
17. Tan H, van Dijken S. Dynamic machine vision with retinomorphic photomemristor-reservoir computing. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 216910.1038/s41467-023-37886-y ↗
18. Li E, Gao C, Yu R, et al. MXene based saturation organic vertical photoelectric transistors with low subthreshold swing. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 289810.1038/s41467-022-30527-w ↗
19. Oh J, Kim S, Lee C, et al. Preventing vanishing gradient problem of hardware neuromorphic system by implementing imidazole-based memristive ReLU activation neuron. Adv Mater, 2023, 35: e230002310.1002/adma.202300023 ↗
20. Wang D, Tang R, Lin H, et al. Spintronic leaky-integrate-fire spiking neurons with self-reset and winner-takes-all for neuromorphic computing. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 106810.1038/s41467-023-36728-1 ↗
21. Zhang X, Wu S, Yu R, et al. Programmable neuronal-synaptic transistors based on 2D MXene for a high-efficiency neuromorphic hardware network. Matter, 2022, 5: 3023–304010.1016/j.matt.2022.06.009 ↗
22. Chen S, Li E, Yu R, et al. An organic synaptic transistor with integration of memory and neuromorphic computing. J Mater Chem C, 2021, 9: 9972–998110.1039/D1TC02112E ↗
23. Ni Y, Yang L, Feng J, et al. Flexible optoelectronic neural transistors with broadband spectrum sensing and instant electrical processing for multimodal neuromorphic computing. SmartMat, 2022, 4: e115410.1002/smm2.1154 ↗
24. Shan L, Chen Q, Yu R, et al. A sensory memory processing system with multi-wavelength synaptic-polychromatic light emission for multimodal information recognition. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 264810.1038/s41467-023-38396-7 ↗
25. Shim H, Ershad F, Patel S, et al. An elastic and reconfigurable synaptic transistor based on a stretchable bilayer semiconductor. Nat Electron, 2022, 5: 660–67110.1038/s41928-022-00836-5 ↗
26. Zhang Y, Liu L, Tu B, et al. An artificial synapse based on molecular junctions. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 24710.1038/s41467-023-35817-5 ↗
27. Roe DG, Ho DH, Choi YY, et al. Humanlike spontaneous motion coordination of robotic fingers through spatial multi-input spike signal multiplexing. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 510.1038/s41467-022-34324-3 ↗
28. Jiang C, Liu J, Ni Y, et al. Mammalian-brain-inspired neuromorphic motion-cognition nerve achieves cross-modal perceptual enhancement. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 134410.1038/s41467-023-36935-w ↗
29. Liu Y, Liu D, Gao C, et al. Self-powered high-sensitivity all-in-one vertical tribo-transistor device for multi-sensing-memory-computing. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 791710.1038/s41467-022-35628-0 ↗
30. Liu Y, Zhong J, Li E, et al. Self-powered artificial synapses actuated by triboelectric nanogenerator. Nano Energy, 2019, 60: 377–38410.1016/j.nanoen.2019.03.079 ↗
31. Deng Y, Zhao M, Ma Y, et al. A flexible and biomimetic olfactory synapse with gasotransmitter-mediated plasticity. Adv Funct Mater, 2023, 33: e221413910.1002/adfm.202214139 ↗
32. Zhao P, Song Y, Xie P, et al. All-organic smart textile sensor for deep-learning-assisted multimodal sensing. Adv Funct Mater, 2023, 33: e230181610.1002/adfm.202301816 ↗
33. Zhang Y, Shen W, Wu S, et al. High-speed transition-metal dichalcogenides based Schottky photodiodes for visible and infrared light communication. ACS Nano, 2022, 16: 19187–1919810.1021/acsnano.2c08394 ↗
34. Zha J, Shi S, Chaturvedi A, et al. Electronic/optoelectronic memory device enabled by tellurium-based 2D van der Waals heterostructure for in-sensor reservoir computing at the optical communication band. Adv Mater, 2023, 35: e221159810.1002/adma.202211598 ↗
35. Kim Y, Zhu C, Lee WY, et al. A hemispherical image sensor array fabricated with organic photomemory transistors. Adv Mater, 2023, 35: e220354110.1002/adma.202203541 ↗
36. Lao J, Jiang C, Luo C, et al. Self-powered and humidity-modulable optoelectronic synapse. Adv Mater Technol, 2023, 8: 220177910.1002/admt.202201779 ↗
37. Guo Y, Yin F, Li Y, et al. Incorporating wireless strategies to wearable devices enabled by a photocurable hydrogel for monitoring pressure information. Adv Mater, 2023, 35: 230085510.1002/adma.202300855 ↗
38. Shan L, Zeng H, Liu Y, et al. Artificial tactile sensing system with photoelectric output for high accuracy haptic texture recognition and parallel information processing. Nano Lett, 2022, 22: 7275–728310.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02995 ↗
39. Ren Y, Bu X, Wang M, et al. Synaptic plasticity in self-powered artificial striate cortex for binocular orientation selectivity. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 558510.1038/s41467-022-33393-8 ↗
40. Zhang J, Sun T, Zeng S, et al. Tailoring neuroplasticity in flexible perovskite QDs-based optoelectronic synaptic transistors by dual modes modulation. Nano Energy, 2022, 95: 10698710.1016/j.nanoen.2022.106987 ↗
41. Yun SY, Han JK, Lee SW, et al. Self-aware artificial auditory neuron with a triboelectric sensor for spike-based neuromorphic hardware. Nano Energy, 2023, 109: 10832210.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108322 ↗
42. Wang Y, Wang K, Hu X, et al. Optogenetics-inspired fluorescent synaptic devices with nonvolatility. ACS Nano, 2023, 17: 3696–370410.1021/acsnano.2c10816 ↗
43. Wang D, Wang P, Mondal S, et al. Ultrathin nitride ferroic memory with large ON/OFF ratios for analog in-memory computing. Adv Mater, 2023, 35: e221062810.1002/adma.202210628 ↗
44. Ning H, Yu Z, Zhang Q, et al. An in-memory computing architecture based on a duplex two-dimensional material structure for in situ machine learning. Nat Nanotechnol, 2023, 18: 493–50010.1038/s41565-023-01343-0 ↗
45. Zhu X, Gao C, Ren Y, et al. High-contrast bidirectional optoelectronic synapses based on 2D molecular crystal heterojunctions for motion detection. Adv Mater, 2023, 35: e230146810.1002/adma.202301468 ↗
46. Yu R, He L, Gao C, et al. Programmable ferroelectric bionic vision hardware with selective attention for high-precision image classification. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 701910.1038/s41467-022-34565-2 ↗
47. Wall NR, De La Parra M, Callaway EM, et al. Differential innervation of direct- and indirect-pathway striatal projection neurons. Neuron, 2013, 79: 347–36010.1016/j.neuron.2013.05.014 ↗
48. Calabresi P, Picconi B, Tozzi A, et al. Direct and indirect pathways of basal ganglia: A critical reappraisal. Nat Neurosci, 2014, 17: 1022–103010.1038/nn.3743 ↗
49. Guerra A, Colella D, Giangrosso M, et al. Driving motor cortex oscillations modulates bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease. Brain, 2021, 145: 224–23610.1093/brain/awab257 ↗
50. Carhart-Harris RL, Friston KJ. The default-mode, ego-functions and free-energy: A neurobiological account of Freudian ideas. Brain, 2010, 133: 1265–128310.1093/brain/awq010 ↗
51. Wang Y, Zheng Y, Gao J, et al. Band-tailored van der Waals heterostructure for multilevel memory and artificial synapse. InfoMat, 2021, 3: 917–92810.1002/inf2.12230 ↗
52. Han S, Hu L, Wang X, et al. Black phosphorus quantum dots with tunable memory properties and multilevel resistive switching characteristics. Adv Sci, 2017, 4: 160043510.1002/advs.201600435 ↗
53. Xiang D, Liu T, Zhang X, et al. Dielectric engineered two-dimensional neuromorphic transistors. Nano Lett, 2021, 21: 3557–356510.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00492 ↗
54. Liu X, Wang S, Di Z, et al. An optoelectronic synapse based on two-dimensional violet phosphorus heterostructure. Adv Sci, 2023, 10: 230185110.1002/advs.202301851 ↗
55. Turing AM. Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 1950, LIX: 433–46010.1093/mind/LIX.236.433 ↗
56. Lake BM, Salakhutdinov R, Tenenbaum JB. Human-level concept learning through probabilistic program induction. Science, 2015, 350: 1332–133810.1126/science.aab3050 ↗