journal article·2026-03

Stable δ-FA(Cs)PbI3 intermediate enables fabrication of large-area perovskite solar modules in ambient air

Chenyang Duan, Ke Xiao, Yinke Wang, Ye Liu, Yameen Ahmed, Zhentao Pang, Wenjun Zhan, Hongfei Sun, Han Gao, Haowen Luo, Yuhong Zhang, Xin Luo, Yu Deng, Makhsud I. Saidaminov, Hairen Tan

Science China Materials· Volume 69· Issue 3
Publisher page

Abstract

No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.

Source: Not provided · Quality: missing

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells · solar cell performance optimization

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (54)

Show source-provided references
1. Green MA, Dunlop ED, Yoshita M, et al. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 64). Prog Photovoltaics, 2024, 32: 425–44110.1002/pip.3831 ↗
2. Li S, Jiang Y, Xu J, et al. High-efficiency and thermally stable FACsPbI3 perovskite photovoltaics. Nature, 2024, 635: 82–8810.1038/s41586-024-08103-7 ↗
3. Wang G, Su Q, Tang H, et al. 27.09%-Efficiency silicon heterojunction back contact solar cell and going beyond. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 893110.1038/s41467-024-53275-5 ↗
4. Liu Q, Ding L, Fu J, et al. Enhancing the efficiency and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells and modules through top interface modification with N-type semiconductors. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64: e20241639010.1002/anie.202416390 ↗
5. Wang H, Su S, Chen Y, et al. Impurity-healing interface engineering for efficient perovskite submodules. Nature, 2024, 634: 1091–109510.1038/s41586-024-08073-w ↗
6. Cui Y, Tan C, Zhang R, et al. Regulating CsPbI3 crystal growth for efficient printable perovskite solar cells and minimodules. Sci China Mater, 2025, 68: 1343–135010.1007/s40843-024-3046-3 ↗
7. Li J, Jin C, Jiang R, et al. Homogeneous coverage of the low-dimensional perovskite passivation layer for formamidinium-caesium perovskite solar modules. Nat Energy, 2024, 9: 1540–155010.1038/s41560-024-01667-8 ↗
8. Niu T, Chao L, Dong X, et al. Phase-pure α-FAPbI3 for perovskite solar cells. J Phys Chem Lett, 2022, 13: 1845–185410.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04241 ↗
9. Bi L, Fu Q, Zeng Z, et al. Deciphering the roles of MA-based volatile additives for α-FAPbI3 to enable efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2023, 145: 5920–592910.1021/jacs.2c13566 ↗
10. Min H, Kim M, Lee SU, et al. Efficient, stable solar cells by using inherent bandgap of α-phase formamidinium lead iodide. Science, 2019, 366: 749–75310.1126/science.aay7044 ↗
11. Chen X, Yang F, Yuan L, et al. Perfluoroalkylsulfonyl ammonium for humidity- resistant printing high-performance phase-pure FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells and modules. Joule, 2024, 8: 2265–228210.1016/j.joule.2024.05.018 ↗
12. Shi Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. Room temperature crystallized phase-pure α-FAPbI3 perovskite with in situ grain-boundary passivation. Adv Sci, 2024, 11: 240027510.1002/advs.202400275 ↗
13. Yoo JW, Noh E, Jang J, et al. R4N+ and Cl− stabilized α-formamidinium lead triiodide and efficient bar-coated mini-modules. Joule, 2023, 7: 797–80910.1016/j.joule.2023.03.003 ↗
14. Chen J, Dong H, Li J, et al. Solar cell efficiency exceeding 25% through Rb-based perovskitoid scaffold stabilizing the buried perovskite surface. ACS Energy Lett, 2022, 7: 3685–369410.1021/acsenergylett.2c01661 ↗
15. Chao L, Xia Y, Duan X, et al. Direct and stable α-phase formation via ionic liquid solvation for formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells. Joule, 2022, 6: 2203–221710.1016/j.joule.2022.07.008 ↗
16. Zeng L, Chen S, Forberich K, et al. Controlling the crystallization dynamics of photovoltaic perovskite layers on larger-area coatings. Energy Environ Sci, 2020, 13: 4666–469010.1039/D0EE02575E ↗
17. Nan ZA, Chen L, Liu Q, et al. Revealing phase evolution mechanism for stabilizing formamidinium-based lead halide perovskites by a key intermediate phase. Chem, 2021, 7: 2513–252610.1016/j.chempr.2021.07.011 ↗
18. Mandal TN, Heo JH, Im SH, et al. Highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cell using pure δ-FAPbI3 single crystals. Small, 2023, 19: 230524610.1002/smll.202305246 ↗
19. Jung M, Ji SG, Kim G, et al. Perovskite precursor solution chemistry: from fundamentals to photovoltaic applications. Chem Soc Rev, 2019, 48: 2011–203810.1039/C8CS00656C ↗
20. Wang D, Liu Z, Zhou Z, et al. Reproducible one-step fabrication of compact MAPbI3−xClx thin films derived from mixed-lead-halide precursors. Chem Mater, 2014, 26: 7145–715010.1021/cm5037869 ↗
21. Zhao Y, Zhu K. Solution chemistry engineering toward high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. J Phys Chem Lett, 2014, 5: 4175–418610.1021/jz501983v ↗
22. Zhang K, Wang Z, Wang G, et al. A prenucleation strategy for ambient fabrication of perovskite solar cells with high device performance uniformity. Nat Commun, 2020, 11: 100610.1038/s41467-020-14715-0 ↗
23. Duan C, Cui J, Zhang M, et al. Precursor engineering for ambient-compatible antisolvent-free fabrication of high-efficiency CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells. Adv Energy Mater, 2020, 10: 200069110.1002/aenm.202000691 ↗
24. McMeekin DP, Holzhey P, Fürer SO, et al. Intermediate-phase engineering via dimethylammonium cation additive for stable perovskite solar cells. Nat Mater, 2023, 22: 73–8310.1038/s41563-022-01399-8 ↗
25. Shi P, Ding Y, Ding B, et al. Oriented nucleation in formamidinium perovskite for photovoltaics. Nature, 2023, 620: 323–32710.1038/s41586-023-06208-z ↗
26. Lou T, Chen L, Yang G, et al. Unraveling the colloidal composition of perovskite precursor solutions and its impact on film formation. Sci China Mater, 2025, 68: 156–16410.1007/s40843-024-3189-1 ↗
27. Ma C, Kang MC, Lee SH, et al. Photovoltaically top-performing perovskite crystal facets. Joule, 2022, 6: 2626–264310.1016/j.joule.2022.09.012 ↗
28. Tan H, Jain A, Voznyy O, et al. Efficient and stable solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation. Science, 2017, 355: 722–72610.1126/science.aai9081 ↗
29. Li J, Liang H, Xiao C, et al. Enhancing the efficiency and longevity of inverted perovskite solar cells with antimony-doped tin oxides. Nat Energy, 2024, 9: 308–31510.1038/s41560-023-01442-1 ↗
30. Luo C, Zheng G, Gao F, et al. Facet orientation tailoring via 2D-seed-induced growth enables highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Joule, 2022, 6: 240–25710.1016/j.joule.2021.12.006 ↗
31. Zhang D, Khasnabis S, Wang W, et al. Cadmium-doping slows trap emptying in ambient-air blade-coated formamidinium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. Adv Energy Mater, 2024, 14: 230385810.1002/aenm.202303858 ↗
32. Wang F, Yu H, Xu H, et al. HPbI3: a new precursor compound for highly efficient solution-processed perovskite solar cells. Adv Funct Mater, 2015, 25: 1120–112610.1002/adfm.201404007 ↗
33. Chen H, Ye F, Tang W, et al. A solvent- and vacuum-free route to large-area perovskite films for efficient solar modules. Nature, 2017, 550: 92–9510.1038/nature23877 ↗
34. Duan C, Gao H, Xiao K, et al. Scalable fabrication of wide-bandgap perovskites using green solvents for tandem solar cells. Nat Energy, 2024, 10: 318–32810.1038/s41560-024-01672-x ↗
35. Moloney EG, Thrithamarassery Gangadharan D, Yeddu V, et al. Inhibition of amine-water proton exchange stabilizes perovskite ink for scalable solar cell fabrication. Chem Mater, 2022, 34: 4394–440210.1021/acs.chemmater.1c04438 ↗
36. Gunes U, Yaylali FV, Gozukara Karabag Z, et al. Drastic influence of substituent position on orientation of 2D layers enables efficient and stable 3D/2D perovskite solar cells. Cell Rep Phys Sci, 2023, 4: 10138010.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101380 ↗
37. Liu C, Yang Y, Fletcher JD, et al. Cation interdiffusion control for 2D/3D heterostructure formation and stabilization in inorganic perovskite solar modules. Nat Energy, 2025, 10: 981–99010.1038/s41560-025-01817-6 ↗
38. Yang S, Wen J, Liu Z, et al. A key 2D intermediate phase for stable high-efficiency CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells. Adv Energy Mater, 2022, 12: 210301910.1002/aenm.202103019 ↗
39. Xiong S, Tian F, Wang F, et al. Reducing nonradiative recombination for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells via a synergistic bimolecular interface. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 560710.1038/s41467-024-50019-3 ↗
40. Park J, Kim J, Yun HS, et al. Controlled growth of perovskite layers with volatile alkylammonium chlorides. Nature, 2023, 616: 724–73010.1038/s41586-023-05825-y ↗
41. Li Y, Zhou W, Li Y, et al. Unravelling degradation mechanisms and atomic structure of organic-inorganic halide perovskites by cryo-EM. Joule, 2019, 3: 2854–286610.1016/j.joule.2019.08.016 ↗
42. Gao H, Xiao K, Lin R, et al. Homogeneous crystallization and buried interface passivation for perovskite tandem solar modules. Science, 2024, 383: 855–85910.1126/science.adj6088 ↗
43. Yi C, Liu C, Wen K, et al. Intermediate-phase-assisted low-temperature formation of γ-CsPbI3 films for high-efficiency deep-red light-emitting devices. Nat Commun, 2020, 11: 473610.1038/s41467-020-18380-1 ↗
44. Yang Y, Chen H, Liu C, et al. Amidination of ligands for chemical and field-effect passivation stabilizes perovskite solar cells. Science, 2024, 386: 898–90210.1126/science.adr2091 ↗
45. Chen S, Dai X, Xu S, et al. Stabilizing perovskite-substrate interfaces for high-performance perovskite modules. Science, 2021, 373: 902–90710.1126/science.abi6323 ↗
46. Jeon NJ, Noh JH, Kim YC, et al. Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells. Nat Mater, 2014, 13: 897–90310.1038/nmat4014 ↗
47. Zheng X, Kong W, Wen J, et al. Solvent engineering for scalable fabrication of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells in air. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 490710.1038/s41467-024-49351-5 ↗
48. Sun H, Xiao K, Gao H, et al. Scalable solution-processed hybrid electron transport layers for efficient all-perovskite tandem solar modules. Adv Mater, 2024, 36: 230870610.1002/adma.202308706 ↗
49. Wu P, Wen J, Wang Y, et al. Efficient and thermally stable all-perovskite tandem solar cells using all-FA narrow-bandgap perovskite and metal-oxide-based tunnel junction. Adv Energy Mater, 2022, 12: 220294810.1002/aenm.202202948 ↗
50. Terrados C, González-Francés D, Alonso V, et al. Comparison of outdoor and indoor PL and EL images in Si solar cells and panels for defect detection and classification. J Electron Mater, 2023, 52: 5189–519810.1007/s11664-023-10535-2 ↗
51. Paggi M, Berardone I, Infuso A, et al. Fatigue degradation and electric recovery in silicon solar cells embedded in photovoltaic modules. Sci Rep, 2014, 4: 450610.1038/srep04506 ↗
52. Zhao X, Zhang P, Liu T, et al. Operationally stable perovskite solar modules enabled by vapor-phase fluoride treatment. Science, 2024, 385: 433–43810.1126/science.adn9453 ↗
53. Li N, Shi Z, Fei C, et al. Barrier reinforcement for enhanced perovskite solar cell stability under reverse bias. Nat Energy, 2024, 9: 1264–127410.1038/s41560-024-01579-7 ↗
54. Xiao K, Lin YH, Zhang M, et al. Scalable processing for realizing 21.7%-efficient all-perovskite tandem solar modules. Science, 2022, 376: 762–76710.1126/science.abn7696 ↗