Black phosphorus quantum dot/g-C3N4 composites for enhanced CO2 photoreduction to CO
Source abstract
Abstract
The development of low cost, metal free semiconductor photocatalysts for CO2 reduction to fuels and valuable chemical feedstocks is a practically imperative for reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In this work, black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) were successfully dispersed on a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) support via a simple electrostatic attraction approach, and the activities of BP@g-C3N4 composites were evaluated for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The BP@g-C3N4 composites displayed improved carrier separation efficiency and higher activities for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO (6.54 µmol g−1 h−1 at the optimum BPQDs loading of 1 wt%) compared with pure g-C3N4 (2.65 µmol g−1 h−1) . This work thus identifies a novel approach towards metal free photocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · Perovskite Materials and Applications · 2D Materials and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (51)
Show source-provided references
1. Finlay K, Vogt RJ, Bogard MJ, et al. Decrease in CO2 efflux from northern hardwater lakes with increasing atmospheric warming. Nature, 2015, 519: 215–21810.1038/nature14172 ↗
2. Feldman DR, Collins WD, Gero PJ, et al. Observational determination of surface radiative forcing by CO2 from 2000 to 2010. Nature, 2015, 519: 339–34310.1038/nature14240 ↗
3. Chang X, Wang T, Zhang P, et al. Stable aqueous photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction by a Cu2O dark cathode with improved selectivity for carbonaceous products. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2016, 55: 8840–884510.1002/anie.201602973 ↗
4. Zhang L, Zhao ZJ, Gong J. Nanostructured materials for heterogeneous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction and their related reaction mechanisms. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56: 11326–1135310.1002/anie.201612214 ↗
5. Li X, Wen J, Low J, et al. Design and fabrication of semiconductor photocatalyst for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to solar fuel. Sci China Mater, 2014, 57: 70–10010.1007/s40843-014-0003-1 ↗
6. Chang X, Wang T, Gong J. CO2 photo-reduction: insights into CO2 activation and reaction on surfaces of photocatalysts. Energy Environ Sci, 2016, 9: 2177–219610.1039/C6EE00383D ↗
7. Dong B, Li M, Chen S, et al. Formation of g-C3N4@Ni(OH)2 honeycomb nanostructure and asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy and power density. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9: 17890–1789610.1021/acsami.7b02693 ↗
8. Yu M, Qu Y, Pan K, et al. Enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by the synergetic effect of NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ and g-C3N4. Sci China Mater, 2017, 60: 228–23810.1007/s40843-016-9006-4 ↗
9. Liang Q, Li Z, Bai Y, et al. Reduced-sized monolayer carbon nitride nanosheets for highly improved photoresponse for cell imaging and photocatalysis. Sci China Mater, 2017, 60: 109–11810.1007/s40843-016-5131-9 ↗
10. Naseri A, Samadi M, Pourjavadi A, et al. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts for solar hydrogen generation: recent advances and future development directions. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5: 23406–2343310.1039/C7TA05131J ↗
11. Muñoz-Batista MJ, Fontelles-Carceller O, Kubacka A, et al. Effect of exfoliation and surface deposition of MnOx species in g-C3N4: Toluene photo-degradation under UV and visible light. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2017, 203: 663–67210.1016/j.apcatb.2016.10.044 ↗
12. Kang S, Zhang L, Yin C, et al. Fast flash frozen synthesis of holey few-layer g-C3N4 with high enhancement of photocatalytic reactive oxygen species evolution under visible light irradiation. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2017, 211: 266–27410.1016/j.apcatb.2017.04.050 ↗
13. Cao S, Huang Q, Zhu B, et al. Trace-level phosphorus and sodium co-doping of g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production. J Power Sources, 2017, 351: 151–15910.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.089 ↗
14. Guo S, Tang Y, Xie Y, et al. P-doped tubular g-C3N4 with surface carbon defects: Universal synthesis and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2017, 218: 664–67110.1016/j.apcatb.2017.07.022 ↗
15. Li K, Huang Z, Zeng X, et al. Synergetic effect of Ti3+ and oxygen doping on enhancing photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties of TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9: 11577–1158610.1021/acsami.6b16191 ↗
16. Wang K, Li Q, Liu B, et al. Sulfur-doped g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic CO2-reduction performance. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2015, 176–177: 44–5210.1016/j.apcatb.2015.03.045 ↗
17. Ran J, Ma TY, Gao G, et al. Porous P-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for synergistically enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2 production. Energy Environ Sci, 2015, 8: 3708–371710.1039/C5EE02650D ↗
18. Luo J, Zhou X, Ma L, et al. Enhancing visible-light photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 by doping phosphorus and coupling with CeO2 for the degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. RSC Adv, 2015, 5: 68728–6873510.1039/C5RA10848A ↗
19. Zhu Z, Lu Z, Wang D, et al. Construction of high-dispersed Ag/Fe3O4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst by selective photo-deposition and improved photocatalytic activity. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2016, 182: 115–12210.1016/j.apcatb.2015.09.029 ↗
20. Kong L, Dong Y, Jiang P, et al. Light-assisted rapid preparation of a Ni/g-C3N4 magnetic composite for robust photocatalytic H2 evolution from water. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4: 9998–1000710.1039/C6TA03178A ↗
21. Lan M, Fan G, Yang L, et al. Enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic performance of a novel ternary semiconductor coupling system based on hybrid Zn–In mixed metal oxide/g-C3N4 composites. RSC Adv, 2015, 5: 5725–573410.1039/C4RA07073A ↗
22. Han J, Zou HY, Liu ZX, et al. Efficient visible-light photocatalytic heterojunctions formed by coupling plasmonic Cu2−xSe and gra-phitic carbon nitride. New J Chem, 2015, 39: 6186–619210.1039/C5NJ01010A ↗
23. Rong X, Qiu F, Yan J, et al. Coupling with a narrow-band-gap semiconductor for enhancement of visible-light photocatalytic activity: preparation of Bi2S3/g-C3N4 and application for degradation of RhB. RSC Adv, 2015, 5: 24944–2495210.1039/C4RA15715J ↗
24. Ong WJ, Tan LL, Chai SP, et al. Surface charge modification via protonation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for electrostatic self-assembly construction of 2D/2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/g-C3N4 nanostructures toward enhanced photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methane. Nano Energy, 2015, 13: 757–77010.1016/j.nanoen.2015.03.014 ↗
25. Feng Y, Shen J, Cai Q, et al. The preparation and properties of a g- C3N4/AgBr nanocomposite photocatalyst based on protonation pretreatment. New J Chem, 2015, 39: 1132–113810.1039/C4NJ01433B ↗
26. Ma L, Fan H, Fu K, et al. Protonation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for an electrostatically self-assembling carbon@g-C3N4 core–shell nanostructure toward high hydrogen evolution. ACS Sustain Chem Eng, 2017, 5: 7093–710310.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01312 ↗
27. Shi L, Chang K, Zhang H, et al. Drastic enhancement of photocatalytic activities over phosphoric acid protonated porous g-C3N4 nanosheets under visible light. Small, 2016, 12: 4431–443910.1002/smll.201601668 ↗
28. Dhanabalan SC, Ponraj JS, Guo Z, et al. Emerging trends in phosphorene fabrication towards next generation devices. Adv Sci, 2017, 4: 160030510.1002/advs.201600305 ↗
29. Li L, Yu Y, Ye GJ, et al. Black phosphorus field-effect transistors. Nat Nanotechnol, 2014, 9: 372–37710.1038/nnano.2014.35 ↗
30. Zhu M, Kim S, Mao L, et al. Metal-free photocatalyst for H2 evolution in visible to near-infrared region: black phosphorus/graphitic carbon nitride. J Am Chem Soc, 2017, 139: 13234–1324210.1021/jacs.7b08416 ↗
31. Zhu M, Cai X, Fujitsuka M, et al. Au/La2Ti2O7 nanostructures sensitized with black phosphorus for plasmon-enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production in visible and near-infrared light. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56: 2064–206810.1002/anie.201612315 ↗
32. Uk Lee H, Lee SC, Won J, et al. Stable semiconductor black phosphorus (BP)@titanium dioxide (TiO2) hybrid photocatalysts. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 869110.1038/srep08691 ↗
33. Xu JY, Gao LF, Hu CX, et al. Preparation of large size, few-layer black phosphorus nanosheets via phytic acid-assisted liquid exfoliation. Chem Commun, 2016, 52: 8107–811010.1039/C6CC03206K ↗
34. Wang L, Xu Q, Xu J, et al. Synthesis of hybrid nanocomposites of ZIF-8 with two-dimensional black phosphorus for photocatalysis. RSC Adv, 2016, 6: 69033–6903910.1039/C6RA13646J ↗
35. Wang H, Yang X, Shao W, et al. Ultrathin black phosphorus nanosheets for efficient singlet oxygen generation. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 11376–1138210.1021/jacs.5b06025 ↗
36. Yang D, Yang G, Yang P, et al. Assembly of au plasmonic photothermal agent and iron oxide nanoparticles on ultrathin black phosphorus for targeted photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy. Adv Funct Mater, 2017, 27: 170037110.1002/adfm.201700371 ↗
37. Hanlon D, Backes C, Doherty E, et al. Liquid exfoliation of solventstabilized few-layer black phosphorus for applications beyond electronics. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 856310.1038/ncomms9563 ↗
38. Yu J, Wang K, Xiao W, et al. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into hydrocarbon solar fuels over g-C3N4–Pt nanocomposite photocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2014, 16: 11492–1150110.1039/c4cp00133h ↗
39. Ong WJ, Tan LL, Chai SP, et al. Heterojunction engineering of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) via Pt loading with improved daylight-induced photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methane. Dalton Trans, 2015, 44: 1249–125710.1039/C4DT02940B ↗
40. Wang H, Sun Z, Li Q, et al. Surprisingly advanced CO2 photocatalytic conversion over thiourea derived g-C3N4 with water vapor while introducing 200–420 nm UV light. J CO2 Utilization, 2016, 14: 143–15110.1016/j.jcou.2016.04.006 ↗
41. Li H, Gao Y, Wu X, et al. Fabrication of heterostructured g-C3N4/Ag-TiO2 hybrid photocatalyst with enhanced performance in photocatalytic conversion of CO2 under simulated sunlight irradiation. Appl Surf Sci, 2017, 402: 198–20710.1016/j.apsusc.2017.01.041 ↗
42. Lin L, Hou C, Zhang X, et al. Highly efficient visible-light driven photocatalytic reduction of CO2 over g-C3N4 nanosheets/tetra(4- carboxyphenyl)porphyrin iron(III) chloride heterogeneous catalysts. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2018, 221: 312–31910.1016/j.apcatb.2017.09.033 ↗
43. Wang JC, Yao HC, Fan ZY, et al. Indirect Z-scheme BiOI/g-C3N4 photocatalysts with enhanced photoreduction CO2 activity under visible light irradiation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8: 3765–377510.1021/acsami.5b09901 ↗
44. Wang M, Shen M, Zhang L, et al. 2D-2D MnO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst: In-situ synthesis and enhanced CO2 reduction activity. Carbon, 2017, 120: 23–3110.1016/j.carbon.2017.05.024 ↗
45. Li M, Zhang L, Wu M, et al. Mesostructured CeO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites: Remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction by mutual component activations. Nano Energy, 2016, 19: 145–15510.1016/j.nanoen.2015.11.010 ↗
46. Xu J, Li Y, Peng S, et al. Eosin Y-sensitized graphitic carbon nitride fabricated by heating urea for visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: the effect of the pyrolysis temperature of urea. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2013, 15: 7657–766510.1039/c3cp44687e ↗
47. Ma Z, Li P, Ye L, et al. Oxygen vacancies induced exciton dissociation of flexible BiOCl nanosheets for effective photocatalytic CO2 conversion. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5: 24995–2500410.1039/C7TA08766G ↗
48. Bai Y, Shi X, Wang PQ, et al. Photocatalytic mechanism regulation of bismuth oxyhalogen via changing atomic assembly method. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9: 30273–3027710.1021/acsami.7b10233 ↗
49. Wang H, Jiang S, Chen S, et al. Insights into the excitonic processes in polymeric photocatalysts. Chem Sci, 2017, 8: 4087–409210.1039/C7SC00307B ↗
50. Wang H, Chen S, Yong D, et al. Giant electron–hole interactions in confined layered structures for molecular oxygen activation. J Am Chem Soc, 2017, 139: 4737–474210.1021/jacs.6b12273 ↗
51. Wang H, Sun X, Li D, et al. Boosting hot-electron generation: exciton dissociation at the order–disorder interfaces in polymeric photocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc, 2017, 139: 2468–247310.1021/jacs.6b12878 ↗