Minimizing energy loss in two-dimensional tin halide perovskite solar cells—A perspective

Tin halide perovskites have desirable photoelectric properties but are very fragile to an oxidizing atmosphere. This represents a great challenge for their full practical potential in photovoltaic technologies. To address this issue, here, we disclose the interplay among dimensionality, stability, and photovoltaic performance of two-dimensional tin halide perovskites and their application in solar cells, whereby the trade-off between power conversion efficiency and stability of the devices can be finely tuned using bulky organic cations with different sizes and functionalities. The current challenges and a future outlook of two-dimensional tin halide perovskite solar cells are discussed as well. This Perspective may give readers a better understanding of two-dimensional tin halide perovskites.