Investigation of the influence of thermal treatment on the morphologies, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PZT-based ceramics

Abstract Pb[(Zr 1/2 Ti 1/2 ) 0.9 (Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.1 ]O 3 (PZT–10PZN) powder was prepared using the columbite precursor method. The phase development of calcined powder precursors was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the as-sintered and annealed samples were measured and correlated with the microstructure. The morphological evolution was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The as-sintered ceramic exhibited weak normal-ferroelectric behavior, with a relatively low dielectric constant maximum measured at 1 kHz ( ɛ rmax at 1 kHz) of 13,000. Annealing resulted in a transition to relaxor-ferroelectric-like behavior, a shift in the dielectric maximum temperature from 360 to 350 °C, and a dramatic increase in ɛ rmax at 1 kHz to a maximum value of 35,000 for the longer anneal. Furthermore, after thermal annealing at 900 °C for 1 week the composition shifted close to the MPB with a great reduction in the transition temperature and a broadening of the dielectric constant maximum. A strong enhancement of the remanent polarization ( P r ) was also observed.