Studies of photorefractive fields of MnO and Fe2O3 co-doped near stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals

Abstract In this paper, photorefractive field properties of MnO and Fe 2 O 3 co-doped near stoichiometric LiNbO 3 (nSLN) crystals were studied. The nSLN crystals co-doped with 0.005 wt% Fe 2 O 3 and MnO at the concentration of 0, 0.003 wt%, 0.005 wt%, and 0.010 wt%, respectively, have been grown by the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method by adding K 2 O flux to Li 2 O–Nb 2 O 5 solution. Their IR spectra showed that the crystals were near stoichiometric. In the two-wave coupling experiments of the crystals, from the measured maximum diffraction efficiency and the incidence angles between the reference and signal beams, the maximum saturation field E q , photovoltaic field E ph , diffusion field E d and space charge field E sc of the crystals were calculated by iterative method for the first time.