A synergetic layered inorganic–organic hybrid film for conductive, flexible, and transparent electrodes
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Conductive electrodes are major components of flexible optoelectronic devices. However, existing materials are either very conductive but brittle (e.g., ITO [indium tin-oxide]), or non-brittle but less conductive, with an environment-dependent conductivity (e.g., PEDOT:PSS [poly-(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonic acid)]). Here, we propose a new design that simultaneously takes advantage of both the high conductivity of ITO and the high flexibility of PEDOT:PSS. In our design, a PEDOT:PSS interface is inserted between the film substrate and the ITO layer, creating a hybrid layered structure that retains both its high conductivity and high stability, when the film is deformed. The rational behind the creation of this structure, is that PEDOT:PSS, used as an interface between the locally delaminated ITO layer and the substrate, substantially reduces the detrimental effects of cracks on the electrode’s conductivity. These results open the path for a new generation of transparent electrodes in advanced flexible devices.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Conducting polymers and applications · Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (32)
Show source-provided references
1. Rogers, J. A., Someya, T. & Huang, Y. Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics. Science 327, 1603–1607 (2010).10.1126/science.1182383 ↗
2. Masis, M. M., Wolf, S. D., Robinson, R. W., Ager, J. W. & Ballif, C. Transparent electrodes for efficient optoelectronics. Adv. Electron. Mater. 3, 1600529–1600546 (2017).10.1002/aelm.201600529 ↗
3. Kang, H., Jung, S., Jeong, S., Kim, G. & Lee, K. Polymer-metal hybrid transparent electrodes for flexible electronics. Nat. Commun. 6, 6503–6510 (2016).10.1038/ncomms7503 ↗
4. Münzenrieder, N. et al. Stretchable and conformable oxide thin-film electronics. Adv. Electron. Mater. 1, 1400038–1400045 (2015).10.1002/aelm.201400038 ↗
5. Guo, X. et al. Highly conductive transparent organic electrodes with multilayer structures for rigid and flexible optoelectronics. Sci. Rep. 5, 10569–10578 (2015).10.1038/srep10569 ↗
6. Zamarayeva, A. M. et al. Flexible and stretchable power sources for wearable electronics. Sci. Adv. 3, e1602051–e1602061 (2017).10.1126/sciadv.1602051 ↗
7. Ginley, D. S, Hosono, H. & Paine, D. C. Handbook of Transparent Conductors (Springer, New York, 2010).10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9 ↗
8. Chopra, K. L., Major, S. & Pandya, D. K. Transparent conductors–A status review. Thin Solid Films 102, 1–46 (1983).10.1016/0040-6090(83)90256-0 ↗
9. Lippens, P., Muehlfeld, U., Chen J., Cranton, W. & Fihn, M. (eds.) Handbook of Visual Display Technology (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012).
10. Burke, D. J. & Lipomi, D. J. Green chemistry of green solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 2053–2066 (2013).10.1039/c3ee41096j ↗
11. Hecht, D. S., Hu, L. & Irvin, G. Emerging transparent electrodes based on thin films of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metallic nanostructures. Adv. Mater. 23, 1482–1513 (2011).10.1002/adma.201003188 ↗
12. Kim, C. L., Jung, C. W., Oh, Y. J. & Kim, D. E. A highly flexible transparent conductive electrode based on nanomaterials. NPG Asia Mater. 9, e438–e447 (2017).10.1038/am.2017.177 ↗
13. Xu, Y. & Liu, J. Graphene as transparent electrodes: fabrication and new emerging applications. Small 12, 1400–1419 (2016).10.1002/smll.201502988 ↗
14. Wang, B. Y. et al. Enhanced light scattering and trapping effect of Ag nanowire mesh electrode for highly efficient flexible organic solar cell. Small 11, 1905–1911 (2015).10.1002/smll.201402161 ↗
15. Yoo, J. H. et al. Silver nanowire-conducting polymer-ITO hybrids for flexible and transparent conductive electrodes with excellent durability. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 15928–15934 (2015).10.1021/acsami.5b03855 ↗
16. Sannicolo, T. et al. Metallic nanowire-based transparent electrodes for next generation flexible devices: a review. Small 12, 6052–6075 (2016).10.1002/smll.201602581 ↗
17. Cao, W., Li, J., Chen, H. & Xue, J. Transparent electrodes for organic optoelectronic devices: a review. J. Photon. Energy 4, 040990–041018 (2014).10.1117/1.JPE.4.040990 ↗
18. Vosgueritchian, M., Lipomi, D. J. & Bao, Z. Highly conductive and transparent PEDOT:PSS films with a fluorosurfactant for stretchable and flexible transparent electrodes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 421–428 (2012).10.1002/adfm.201101775 ↗
19. Wang, Y. et al. Highly stretchable, transparent, and conductive polymer. Sci. Adv. 3, e1602076–e1602086 (2017).10.1126/sciadv.1602076 ↗
20. Cairns, D., Richard, R., Sparacin, D., Sachsman, S. & Paine, D. Strain-dependent electrical resistance of tin-doped indium oxide on polymer substrates. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1425–1427 (2000).10.1063/1.126052 ↗
21. Leterrier, Y. et al. Mechanical integrity of transparent conductive oxide films for flexible polymer-based displays. Thin Solid Films 460, 156–166 (2004).10.1016/j.tsf.2004.01.052 ↗
22. Leterrier, Y., Pinyol, A., Rougier, L., Waller, J. H. & Manson, J. A. Electrofragmentation modeling of conductive coatings on polymer substrates. J. Appl. Phys. 106, 113508–113513 (2009).10.1063/1.3266001 ↗
23. Kim, E. H., Yang, C. W. & Park, J. W. The crystallinity and mechanical properties of indium tin oxide coatings on polymer substrates. J. Appl. Phys. 109, 043511–043518 (2011).10.1063/1.3556452 ↗
24. Park, J. W., Kim, G., Lee, S. H., Kim, E. H. & Lee, G. H. The effect of film microstructures on cracking of transparent conductive oxide coatings on polymer substrates. Surf. Coat. Technol. 205, 915–921 (2010).10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.055 ↗
25. Saleh, M. N. & Lubineau, G. Understanding the mechanisms that change the conductivity of damaged ITO-coated polymeric films: A micro-mechanical investigation. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 130, 199–207 (2014).10.1016/j.solmat.2014.07.011 ↗
26. Sun, K. et al. Review on application of PEDOTs and PEDOT:PSS in energy conversion and storage devices. J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron 26, 4438–4462 (2015).
27. Greco, F. et al. Ultra-thin conductive free-standing PEDOT/PSS nanofilms. Soft Matter 7, 10642–10650 (2011).10.1039/c1sm06174g ↗
28. Lipomi, D. J. et al. Electronic eroperties of transparent conductive films of PEDOT:PSS on stretchable substrates. Chem. Mater. 24, 373–382 (2012).10.1021/cm203216m ↗
29. Zhou, J. et al. The temperature-dependent microstructure of PEDOT/PSS films: insights from morphological, mechanical and electrical analyses. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2, 9903–9910 (2014).10.1039/C4TC01593B ↗
30. Tsukruk, V. V. & Bliznyuk, V. N. Adhesive and friction forces between chemically modified silicon and silicon nitride surfaces. Langmuir 14, 446–455 (1998).10.1021/la970367q ↗
31. Howarter, J. A. & Youngblood, J. P. Optimization of silica silanization by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Langmuir 22, 11142–11147 (2006).10.1021/la061240g ↗
32. Cullity, B. D. & Stock, S. R. Elements of X-ray Diffraction. 3rd edn. 98–99. (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 2001).