journal article·2020-09-02Open access

Enhanced laser action from smart fabrics made with rollable hyperbolic metamaterials

Hung-I Lin, Chun-Che Wang, Kun-Ching Shen, Mikhail Y. Shalaginov, Pradip Kumar Roy, Krishna Prasad Bera, Monika Kataria, Christy Roshini Paul Inbaraj, Yang-Fang Chen

npj Flexible Electronics· Volume 4· Issue 1

Abstract

Abstract Rollable photonic devices that can adapt to freeform surfaces with reduced dimensions while maintaining their original functionalities are highly desirable. Among photonic devices, metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion in momentum space, defined as hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM), possess a large photonic density of states that has been proven to boost light-matter interaction. However, these devices are mainly developed on rigid substrates, restricting their functionalities. Here, we present the attempt to integrate flexible and rollable HMMs consisting of polymer and metal multilayers on paper substrate. Quite interestingly, this design enables to exhibit high photonic density of states and scattering efficiency to enhance stimulated emission and induce pronounced laser action. The flexible and rollable HMM structure remains well its functionalities on freeform surfaces with curvature radius of 1 mm, and can withstand repeated bending without performance degradation. The intensity of laser action is enhanced by 3.5 times as compared to the flat surface. We anticipate that this flexible and rollable HMM structure can serve as a diverse platform for flexible photonic technologies, such as light-emitting devices, wearable optoelectronics, and optical communication.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Materials and Mechanics · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Interactive and Immersive Displays

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (65)

Show source-provided references
1. Rogers, J. A., Someya, T. & Huang, Y. Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics. Science 327, 1603–1607 (2010).10.1126/science.1182383 ↗
2. Liu, F., Song, S., Xue, D. & Zhang, H. Folded structured graphene paper for high performance electrode materials. Adv. Mater. 24, 1089–1094 (2012).10.1002/adma.201104691 ↗
3. Hammock, M. L., Chortos, A., Tee, B. C. K., Tok, J. B. H. & Bao, Z. 25th anniversary article: the evolution of electronic skin (e-skin): a brief history, design considerations, and recent progress. Adv. Mater. 25, 5997–6038 (2013).10.1002/adma.201302240 ↗
4. Cai, S.-Y. et al. Ultrahigh sensitive and flexible magnetoelectronics with magnetic nanocomposites: toward an additional perception of artificial intelligence. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 17393–17400 (2018).10.1021/acsami.8b04950 ↗
5. Lin, S.-Y. et al. Transient and flexible photodetectors. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 1, 5092–5100 (2018).10.1021/acsanm.8b01169 ↗
6. Liao, Y.-M. et al. Highly stretchable label-like random laser on universal substrates. Adv. Mater. Technol. 1, 1600068 (2016).10.1002/admt.201600068 ↗
7. Lien, D.-H. et al. All-printed paper memory. ACS Nano 8, 7613–7619 (2014).10.1021/nn501231z ↗
8. Zeng, W. et al. Fiber-based wearable electronics: a review of materials, fabrication, devices, and applications. Adv. Mater. 26, 5310–5336 (2014).10.1002/adma.201400633 ↗
9. Yan, W. et al. Advanced multimaterial electronic and optoelectronic fibers and textiles. Adv. Mater. 31, 1802348 (2019).10.1002/adma.201802348 ↗
10. Yan, W. et al. Thermally drawn advanced functional fibers: New frontier of flexible electronics. Mater. Today 35, 168–194 (2020).10.1016/j.mattod.2019.11.006 ↗
11. Loke, G., Yan, W., Khudiyev, T., Noel, G. & Fink, Y. Recent progress and perspectives of thermally drawn multimaterial fiber electronics. Adv. Mater. 32, 1904911 (2020).10.1002/adma.201904911 ↗
12. Fang, N., Lee, H., Sun, C. & Zhang, X. Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. Science 308, 534–537 (2005).10.1126/science.1108759 ↗
13. Cao, T., Zou, Y., Adawi, A. M. & Cryan, M. J. Directive emission of red conjugated polymer embedded within zero index metamaterials. Opt. Express 22, 22699–22706 (2014).10.1364/OE.22.022699 ↗
14. Alù, A., Silveirinha, M. G., Salandrino, A. & Engheta, N. Epsilon-near-zero metamaterials and electromagnetic sources: tailoring the radiation phase pattern. Phys. Rev. B 75, 155410 (2007).10.1103/PhysRevB.75.155410 ↗
15. Huang, Y.-W. et al. Aluminum plasmonic multicolor meta-hologram. Nano Lett. 15, 3122–3127 (2015).10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00184 ↗
16. Khorasaninejad, M. et al. Metalenses at visible wavelengths: diffraction-limited focusing and subwavelength resolution imaging. Science 352, 1190–1194 (2016).10.1126/science.aaf6644 ↗
17. Poddubny, A., Iorsh, I., Belov, P. & Kivshar, Y. Hyperbolic metamaterials. Nat. Photonics 7, 948–957 (2013).10.1038/nphoton.2013.243 ↗
18. Jacob, Z. et al. Engineering photonic density of states using metamaterials. Appl. Phys. B 100, 215–218 (2010).10.1007/s00340-010-4096-5 ↗
19. Wu, C., Salandrino, A., Ni, X. & Zhang, X. Electrodynamical light trapping using whispering-gallery resonances in hyperbolic cavities. Phys. Rev. X 4, 021015 (2014).
20. Wang, P. et al. Metaparticles: dressing nano-objects with a hyperbolic coating. Laser Photonics Rev. 12, 1800179 (2018).10.1002/lpor.201800179 ↗
21. Sreekanth, K. V. et al. Extreme sensitivity biosensing platform based on hyperbolic metamaterials. Nat. Mater. 15, 621–627 (2016).10.1038/nmat4609 ↗
22. Liu, F. et al. Integrated cherenkov radiation emitter eliminating the electron velocity threshold. Nat. Photonics 11, 289–292 (2017).10.1038/nphoton.2017.45 ↗
23. Chandrasekar, R. et al. Lasing action with gold nanorod hyperbolic metamaterials. ACS Photonics 4, 674–680 (2017).10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00010 ↗
24. Shen, K.-C., Hsieh, C., Cheng, Y.-J. & Tsai, D. P. Giant enhancement of emission efficiency and light directivity by using hyperbolic metacavity on deep-ultraviolet algan emitter. Nano Energy 45, 353–358 (2018).10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.01.020 ↗
25. Yang, X., Yao, J., Rho, J., Yin, X. & Zhang, X. Experimental realization of three-dimensional indefinite cavities at the nanoscale with anomalous scaling laws. Nat. Photonics 6, 450–454 (2012).10.1038/nphoton.2012.124 ↗
26. Cortes, C. L., Newman, W., Molesky, S. & Jacob, Z. Quantum nanophotonics using hyperbolic metamaterials. J. Opt. 14, 063001 (2012).10.1088/2040-8978/14/6/063001 ↗
27. Lin, H.-I. et al. Integration of nanoscale light emitters and hyperbolic metamaterials: an efficient platform for the enhancement of random laser action. ACS Photonics 5, 718–727 (2018).10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01266 ↗
28. Lu, D., Kan, J. J., Fullerton, E. E. & Liu, Z. Enhancing spontaneous emission rates of molecules using nanopatterned multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 48–53 (2014).10.1038/nnano.2013.276 ↗
29. Haider, G. et al. A highly-efficient single segment white random laser. ACS Nano 12, 11847–11859 (2018).10.1021/acsnano.8b03035 ↗
30. Shen, K.-C. et al. Deep-ultraviolet hyperbolic metacavity laser. Adv. Mater. 30, 1706918 (2018).10.1002/adma.201706918 ↗
31. Lin, H.-I. et al. Transient and flexible hyperbolic metamaterials on freeform surfaces. Sci. Rep. 8, 9469 (2018).
32. Letokhov, V. S. Generation of light by a scattering medium with negative resonance absorption. Sov. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 26, 835–840 (1968).
33. Andreasen, J. et al. Modes of random lasers. Adv. Opt. Photonics 3, 88–127 (2010).10.1364/AOP.3.000088 ↗
34. Liu, J. et al. Random nanolasing in the anderson localized regime. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 285–289 (2014).10.1038/nnano.2014.34 ↗
35. Wiersma, D. S. & Lagendijk, A. Light diffusion with gain and random lasers. Phys. Rev. E 54, 4256–4265 (1996).10.1103/PhysRevE.54.4256 ↗
36. Cheng‐Yen, T. et al. Magnetically controllable random lasers. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2, 1700170 (2017).10.1002/admt.201700170 ↗
37. Wiersma, D. S. The physics and applications of random lasers. Nat. Phys. 4, 359–367 (2008).10.1038/nphys971 ↗
38. Chang, S.-W. et al. A white random laser. Sci. Rep. 8, 2720 (2018).
39. Lu, C.-H., Hu, J., Shih, W. Y. & Shih, W.-H. Control of morphology, photoluminescence, and stability of colloidal methylammonium lead bromide nanocrystals by oleylamine capping molecules. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 484, 17–23 (2016).10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.047 ↗
40. Zhang, Q. et al. Efficient metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes with significantly improved light extraction on nanophotonic substrates. Nat. Commun. 10, 727 (2019).
41. Zhang, Q. et al. Three-dimensional perovskite nanophotonic wire array-based light-emitting diodes with significantly improved efficiency and stability. ACS Nano 14, 1577–1585 (2020).10.1021/acsnano.9b06663 ↗
42. Ferrari, L., Smalley, J. S. T., Fainman, Y. & Liu, Z. Hyperbolic metamaterials for dispersion-assisted directional light emission. Nanoscale 9, 9034–9048 (2017).10.1039/C7NR00980A ↗
43. Buma, T., Spisar, M. & O’Donnell, M. High-frequency ultrasound array element using thermoelastic expansion in an elastomeric film. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 548–550 (2001).10.1063/1.1388027 ↗
44. Walia, S. et al. Flexible metasurfaces and metamaterials: A review of materials and fabrication processes at micro- and nano-scales. Appl. Phys. Rev. 2, 011303 (2015).10.1063/1.4913751 ↗
45. Cao, H. et al. Random laser action in semiconductor powder. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2278–2281 (1999).10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2278 ↗
46. Sun, T.-M. et al. Stretchable random lasers with tunable coherent loops. ACS Nano 9, 12436–12441 (2015).10.1021/acsnano.5b05814 ↗
47. Walpole, J. N., Kintzer, E. S., Chinn, S. R., Wang, C. A. & Missaggia, L. J. High‐power strained‐layer InGaAs/AlGaAs tapered traveling wave amplifier. Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 740–742 (1992).10.1063/1.107783 ↗
48. Galfsky, T., Gu, J., Narimanov, E. E. & Menon, V. M. Photonic hypercrystals for control of light–matter interactions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 114, 5125–5129 (2017).10.1073/pnas.1702683114 ↗
49. Yun-Feng, X. et al. High quality factor, small mode volume, ring-type plasmonic microresonator on a silver chip. J. Phys. B 43, 035402 (2010).10.1088/0953-4075/43/3/035402 ↗
50. Slobozhanyuk, A. P. et al. Purcell effect in hyperbolic metamaterial resonators. Phys. Rev. B 92, 195127 (2015).10.1103/PhysRevB.92.195127 ↗
51. Ginzburg, P. et al. Spontaneous emission in non-local materials. Light Sci. Appl. 6, e16273 (2017).10.1038/lsa.2016.273 ↗
52. Ford, G. W. & Weber, W. H. Electromagnetic interactions of molecules with metal surfaces. Phys. Rep. 113, 195–287 (1984).10.1016/0370-1573(84)90098-X ↗
53. Lu, D. et al. Nanostructuring multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials for ultrafast and bright green ingan quantum wells. Adv. Mater. 30, 1706411 (2018).10.1002/adma.201706411 ↗
54. Novotny, L. & Hecht, B. Principles of Nano-optics Chap. 2 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006).10.1017/CBO9780511813535 ↗
55. Hu, H.-W. et al. Wrinkled 2D materials: a versatile platform for low-threshold stretchable random lasers. Adv. Mater. 29, 1703549 (2017).10.1002/adma.201703549 ↗
56. Kataria, M. et al. Transparent, wearable, broadband, and highly sensitive upconversion nanoparticles and graphene-based hybrid photodetectors. ACS Photonics 5, 2336–2347 (2018).10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00141 ↗
57. Wang, F. et al. Tuning upconversion through energy migration in core–shell nanoparticles. Nat. Mater. 10, 968–973 (2011).10.1038/nmat3149 ↗
58. Lin, H.-I., Wuu, D.-S., Shen, K.-C. & Horng, R.-H. Fabrication of an ultra-flexible ZnO nanogenerator for harvesting energy from respiration. ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2, 400–404 (2013).10.1149/2.001311jss ↗
59. Lin, H. I., Horng, R. H., Shen, K. C. & Wuu, D. S. ZnO nanowires embedded in epoxy resin separating from the substrate for wearable electronics applications. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 13, 458–463 (2014).10.1109/TNANO.2013.2279101 ↗
60. Li, Y. et al. Light-induced degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite thin film. J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 3904–3910 (2017).10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11853 ↗
61. Conings, B. et al. Intrinsic thermal instability of methylammonium lead trihalide perovskite. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1500477 (2015).10.1002/aenm.201500477 ↗
62. Woo, H. C. et al. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite quantum dots and bulk counterparts. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9, 4066–4074 (2018).10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01593 ↗
63. Schmidt, L. C. et al. Nontemplate synthesis of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 850–853 (2014).10.1021/ja4109209 ↗
64. Johnson, P. B. & Christy, R. W. Optical constants of the noble metals. Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972).10.1103/PhysRevB.6.4370 ↗
65. Alias, M. S. et al. Optical constants of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite thin films measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Opt. Express 24, 16586–16594 (2016).10.1364/OE.24.016586 ↗