Origami-inspired perovskite X-ray detector by printing and folding
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract X-ray detectors are of pivotal importance for the scientific and technological progress in a wide range of medical, industrial, and scientific applications. Here, we take advantage of the printability of perovskite-based semiconductors and achieve a high X-ray sensitivity combined with the potential of an exceptional high spatial resolution by our origami-inspired folded perovskite X-ray detector. The high performance of our device is reached solely by the folded detector architecture and does not require any photolithography. The design and fabrication of a foldable perovskite sensor array is presented and the detector is characterized as a planar and as a folded device. Exposed to 50 kVp−150 kVp X-ray radiation, the planar detector reaches X-ray sensitivities of 25−35 μC/(Gyaircm2), whereas the folded detector achieves remarkably increased X-ray sensitivities of several hundred μC/(Gyaircm2) and a record value of 1409 μC/(Gyaircm2) at 150 kVp without photoconductive gain. Finally, the potential of an exceptional high spatial resolution of the folded detector of more than 20 lp/mm under 150 kVp X-ray radiation is demonstrated.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Ga2O3 and related materials · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (38)
Show source-provided references
1. Kalender, W. A. X-ray computed tomography. Phys. Med. Biol. 51, R29–R43 (2006).10.1088/0031-9155/51/13/R03 ↗
2. Spahn, M. X-ray detectors in medical imaging. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A: Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors Assoc. Equipment 731, 57–63 (2013).10.1016/j.nima.2013.05.174 ↗
3. Kotwaliwale, N. et al. X-ray imaging methods for internal quality evaluation of agricultural produce. J. Food Sci. Technol. 51, 1–15 (2014).10.1007/s13197-011-0485-y ↗
4. De Chiffre, L., Carmignato, S., Kruth, J.-P., Schmitt, R. & Weckenmann, A. Industrial applications of computed tomography. CIRP Annals 63, 655–677 (2014).10.1016/j.cirp.2014.05.011 ↗
5. Bunaciu, A. A., gabriela Udriştioiu, E. & Aboul-Enein, H. Y. X-ray diffraction: instrumentation and applications. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 45, 289–299 (2015).10.1080/10408347.2014.949616 ↗
6. van de Kamp, T. et al. Evolution of flexible biting in hyperdiverse parasitoid wasps. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 289, 1–9 (2022).10.1098/rspb.2021.2086 ↗
7. He, Y., Hadar, I. & Kanatzidis, M. G. Detecting ionizing radiation using halide perovskite semiconductors processed through solution and alternative methods. Nat. Photonics 16, 14–26 (2022).10.1038/s41566-021-00909-5 ↗
8. Basiricò, L., Ciavatti, A. & Fraboni, B. Solution-grown organic and perovskite x-ray detectors: a new paradigm for the direct detection of ionizing radiation. Adv. Mater. Technol. 6, 2000475 (2020).10.1002/admt.202000475 ↗
9. Zhou, Y., Chen, J., Bakr, O. M. & Mohammed, O. F. Metal halide perovskites for X-ray imaging scintillators and detectors. ACS Energy Lett. 6, 739–768 (2021).10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02430 ↗
10. Kakavelakis, G. et al. Metal halide perovskites for high-energy radiation detection. Adv. Sci. 7, 2002098 (2020).10.1002/advs.202002098 ↗
11. Wei, H. & Huang, J. Halide lead perovskites for ionizing radiation detection. Nat. Commun. 10, 1066 (2019).10.1038/s41467-019-08981-w ↗
12. Li, C. et al. Ultrafast and broadband photodetectors based on a perovskite/organic bulk heterojunction for large-dynamic-range imaging. Light: Sci. Appl. 9, 31 (2020).10.1038/s41377-020-0264-5 ↗
13. Morteza Najarian, A. et al. Sub-millimetre light detection and ranging using perovskites. Nat. Electron. 5, 511–518 (2022).10.1038/s41928-022-00799-7 ↗
14. Yao, M. et al. High-temperature stable FAPbBr3 single crystals for sensitive X-ray and visible light detection toward space. Nano Lett. 21, 3947–3955 (2021).10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00700 ↗
15. Gu, Y. et al. Study of a high-resolution, 3D positioning cadmium zinc telluride detector for PET. Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 1563–1584 (2011).10.1088/0031-9155/56/6/004 ↗
16. Liu, X., Grönberg, F., Sjölin, M., Karlsson, S. & Danielsson, M. Count rate performance of a silicon-strip detector for photon-counting spectral CT. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A: Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors Associated Equipment 827, 102–106 (2016).10.1016/j.nima.2016.04.087 ↗
17. Mescher, H., Hamann, E. & Lemmer, U. Simulation and design of folded perovskite x-ray detectors. Sci. Rep. 9, 5231 (2019).10.1038/s41598-019-41440-6 ↗
18. Mescher, H. et al. Flexible inkjet-printed triple cation perovskite X-ray detectors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 15774–15784 (2020).10.1021/acsami.9b14649 ↗
19. Kasap, S. O. X-ray sensitivity of photoconductors: application to stabilized a-Se. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 33, 2853–2865 (2000).10.1088/0022-3727/33/21/326 ↗
20. Pan, Z., Wu, L., Jiang, J., Shen, L. & Yao, K. Searching for high-quality halide perovskite single crystals toward X-ray detection. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 13, 2851–2861 (2022).10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00450 ↗
21. Boreman, G. D. MTF Measurement methods. In: Modulation Transfer Function in Optical and Electro-Optical Systems, Chapter 4, 69–84 (SPIE, 2001). http://ebooks.spiedigitallibrary.org/content.aspx?doi=10.1117/3.419857.ch4.
22. Cunningham, I. Applied linear-systems theory. In: Handbook of Medical Imaging, Volume 1. Physics and Psychophysics, 79–159 (SPIE, 2000). http://ebooks.spiedigitallibrary.org/content.aspx?doi=10.1117/3.832716.ch2.10.1117/3.832716.ch2 ↗
23. Heilmaier, C., Zuber, N. & Weishaupt, D. Implementation of a patient dose monitoring system in conventional digital X-ray imaging: initial experiences. Eur. Radiol. 27, 1021–1031 (2017).10.1007/s00330-016-4390-7 ↗
24. Schackmar, F. et al. Perovskite solar cells with all-inkjet-printed absorber and charge transport layers. Adv. Mater. Technol. 6, 2000271 (2021).10.1002/admt.202000271 ↗
25. Eggers, H. et al. Inkjet-printed micrometer-thick perovskite solar cells with large columnar grains. Adv. Energy Mater. 10, 1903184 (2020).10.1002/aenm.201903184 ↗
26. Punnoose, J., Xu, J., Sisniega, A., Zbijewski, W. & Siewerdsen, J. H. Technical Note: spektr 3.0-A computational tool for x-ray spectrum modeling and analysis. Med. Phys. 43, 4711–4717 (2016).10.1118/1.4955438 ↗
27. Devanathan, R., Corrales, L. R., Gao, F. & Weber, W. J. Signal variance in gamma-ray detectors—a review. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A: Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors Associated Equipment 565, 637–649 (2006).10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.085 ↗
28. Klein, C. A. Bandgap dependence and related features of radiation ionization energies in semiconductors. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 2029–2038 (1968).10.1063/1.1656484 ↗
29. Que, W. & Rowlands, J. A. X-ray photogeneration in amorphous selenium: geminate versus columnar recombination. Phys. Rev. B 51, 10500–10507 (1995).10.1103/PhysRevB.51.10500 ↗
30. Tosado, G. A., Lin, Y. Y., Zheng, E. & Yu, Q. Impact of cesium on the phase and device stability of triple cation Pb-Sn double halide perovskite films and solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 17426–17436 (2018).10.1039/C8TA06391E ↗
31. Boone, J. M. & Seibert, J. A. An analytical edge spread function model for computer fitting and subsequent calculation of the LSF and MTF. Med. Phys. 21, 1541–1545 (1994).10.1118/1.597264 ↗
32. Wei, W. et al. Monolithic integration of hybrid perovskite single crystals with heterogenous substrate for highly sensitive X-ray imaging. Nat. Photonics 11, 315–321 (2017).10.1038/nphoton.2017.43 ↗
33. Jiang, J. et al. Synergistic strain engineering of perovskite single crystals for highly stable and sensitive X-ray detectors with low-bias imaging and monitoring. Nat. Photonics 16, 575–581 (2022).10.1038/s41566-022-01024-9 ↗
34. Kim, Y. C. et al. Printable organometallic perovskite enables large-area, low-dose X-ray imaging. Nature 550, 87–91 (2017).10.1038/nature24032 ↗
35. Yang, B. et al. Heteroepitaxial passivation of Cs2AgBiBr6 wafers with suppressed ionic migration for X-ray imaging. Nat. Commun. 10, 1989 (2019).10.1038/s41467-019-09968-3 ↗
36. Liu, Y. et al. Large lead-free perovskite single crystal for high-performance coplanar X-ray imaging applications. Adv. Opt. Mater. 8, 2000814 (2020).10.1002/adom.202000814 ↗
37. Deumel, S. et al. High-sensitivity high-resolution X-ray imaging with soft-sintered metal halide perovskites. Nat. Electron. 4, 681–688 (2021).10.1038/s41928-021-00644-3 ↗
38. Song, Y. et al. Elimination of interfacial-electrochemical-reaction-induced polarization in perovskite single crystals for ultrasensitive and stable X-ray detector arrays. Adv. Mater. 33, 2103078 (2021).10.1002/adma.202103078 ↗