Strain-transformative integration of perovskite thin-film optoelectronics for in-plane multiaxial stretchable and 3D curvy artificial compound eye arrays

Stretchable electronic arrays typically use island-bridge designs but struggle to integrate thin-film functional materials due to low mechanical strength and interfacial stress mismatch. Here, we propose a stress transform structure (STS) that can be used to build stress-induced non-coplanar (SINC) island-bridge structured arrays based on thin-film functional elements, for the integration of planar stretchable and three-dimensional (3D) curvy electronics. STS can transform unbearable tensile strain (5–50%), into acceptable bending strain (<1%) for thin-film materials, achieving a notable reduction in strain magnitude and alleviating interfacial stress mismatch. To illustrate the capabilities of the design, we use STS to create various perovskite thin-film arrays with stretchability, including planar multiaxial stretchable photodetector (PD) arrays and 3D curvy artificial compound eye electronics with 185 pixels. All these devices exhibit good and stable photoresponse under large stretching stresses and curved assembly stresses, demonstrating that STS represents an effective strategy for planar/3D optoelectronics integration and mechanical performance enhancement.