Properties of Low‐Temperature Sintering PNN – PMW – PSN – PZT Piezoelectric Ceramics with Ba(Cu _1/2 W _1/2 )O ₃ Sintering Aids

Piezoelectric ceramics Pb(Ni _1/3 Nb _2/3 )O ₃ –Pb(Mg _1/2 W _1/2 )O ₃ –Pb(Sb _1/2 Nb _1/2 )O ₃ –Pb(Zr _0.39 Ti _0.61 )O ₃ with Ba(Cu _1/2 W _1/2 )O ₃ sintering aids were fabricated using economical industrial oxide powders and their piezoelectric, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties were investigated in order to develop low‐temperature sintering ceramics for multilayer piezoelectric actuators. A quadratic formula and the Curie–Weiss law reveal that the ceramics are typical displacive‐type ferroelectric relaxors. The ceramics sintered as low as 900°C have good piezoelectric properties of d ₃₃ = 551 pC /N, k _p = 0.52, ε _r = 3583, tgδ = 0.02, and T _C = 161°C, which is much promising to manufacture multilayer piezoelectric transducers.