journal article·2023-04-30Open access

Mechanical Properties of Single Crystal Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3, X = Cl, Br, I)

Jianyu Li, Chunyu Ge, Zifan Zhao, Mingyu Hu, Jun Wang, Feng Qian, Xiaoyu Chong, Jing Feng

Coatings· Volume 13· Issue 5

Abstract

Mechanical properties are among the crucial parameters for multilayer hybrid perovskite-based devices. Here, the mechanical properties of the high-quality single-crystalline MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3, X = Cl, Br, I), including the hardness (H) and Young’s modulus (E), are systematically studied using the three-dimensional nanoindentation (3D nanoindentation) method. In the sequence of Cl, Br, and I, the hardness and Young’s modulus of MAPbX3 decrease gradually. The hardness of MAPbX3 ranges from 0.31 to 0.57 GPa, and Young’s modulus values are less than 30 GPa. The low hardness and Young’s modulus are attributed to the weak lattice framework composed of Pb-X and the weak hydrogen bond between CH3NH3+ and the octahedron. The relationship between the hardness and Young’s modulus of MAPbX3 is also described. Generally, this work provides the favorable parameters required to further support the design and modification of investigations regarding perovskite-based devices.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Thermal Expansion and Ionic Conductivity · Conducting polymers and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China

Funding

National Key R&D Program of China · Natural Science Foundation of China · Materials Genome Engineering of Rare and Precious Metal of Yunnan Province · Scientific re-search project of basic scientific research funds of provincial colleges in Heilongjiang Province

References (54)

Show source-provided references
1. Madaleno, M., and Nogueira, M.C. (2023). How Renewable Energy and CO2 Emissions Contribute to Economic Growth, and Sustainability—An Extensive Analysis. Sustainability, 15.10.3390/su15054089 ↗
2. Saeed, S., Makhdum, M.S.A., Anwar, S., and Yaseen, M.R. (2023). Climate Change Vulnerability, Adaptation, and Feedback Hypothesis: A Comparison of Lower-Middle, Upper-Middle, and High-Income Countries. Sustainability, 15.10.3390/su15054145 ↗
3. Rocha, Q.S., Munis, R.A., da Silva, R.B.G., Aguilar, E.W.Z., and Simões, D. (2023). Photovoltaic Solar Energy in Forest Nurseries: A Strategic Decision Based on Real Options Analysis. Sustainability, 15.10.3390/su15053960 ↗
4. Hannan, M.A., Al-Shetwi, A.Q., Mollik, M.S., Ker, P.J., Mannan, M., Mansor, M., Al-Masri, H.M.K., and Mahlia, T.M.I. (2023). Wind Energy Conversions, Controls, and Applications: A Review for Sustainable Technologies and Directions. Sustainability, 15.10.3390/su15053986 ↗
5. Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells10.1021/ja809598r ↗
6. Organometallic Halide Perovskites: Sharp Optical Absorption Edge and Its Relation to Photovoltaic Performance10.1021/jz500279b ↗
7. Low surface recombination velocity in solution-grown CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite single crystal10.1038/ncomms8961 ↗
8. Low trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals10.1126/science.aaa2725 ↗
9. Electron-hole diffusion lengths > 175 μm in solution-grown CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals10.1126/science.aaa5760 ↗
10. Two-Inch-Sized Perovskite CH3NH3PbX3(X = Cl, Br, I) Crystals: Growth and Characterization10.1002/adma.201502597 ↗
11. High-quality bulk hybrid perovskite single crystals within minutes by inverse temperature crystallization10.1038/ncomms8586 ↗
12. Efficient organometal trihalide perovskite planar-heterojunction solar cells on flexible polymer substrates10.1038/ncomms3761 ↗
13. High-Efficiency Solution-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells with Millimeter-Scale Grains10.1126/science.aaa0472 ↗
14. Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber10.1126/science.1243982 ↗
15. Low-temperature solution-processed wavelength-tunable perovskites for lasing10.1038/nmat3911 ↗
16. High photoluminescence efficiency and optically pumped lasing in solution-processed mixed halide perovskite semiconductors10.1021/jz5005285 ↗
17. Bright light-emitting diodes based on organometal halide perovskite10.1038/nnano.2014.149 ↗
18. Efficient Flexible Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Graphene Anode10.1002/adma.201605587 ↗
19. Solution-processed hybrid perovskite photodetectors with high detectivity10.1038/ncomms6404 ↗
20. High-quality inorganic-organic perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals for photo-detector applications10.1007/s10853-016-0329-2 ↗
21. CH3NH3PbCl3 single crystals: Inverse temperature crystallization and visible-blind UV-photodetector10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01666 ↗
22. In Situ Growth of 120 cm2 CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Crystal Film on FTO Glass for Narrowband-Photodetectors10.1002/adma.201602639 ↗
23. Perovskites for Solar Thermoelectric Applications: A First Principle Study of CH3NH3AI3 (A = Pb and Sn)10.1021/cm5026766 ↗
24. Energy-Efficient Hybrid Perovskite Memristors and Synaptic Devices10.1002/aelm.201600100 ↗
25. Blue-green color tunable solution processable organoleadchloride–bromide mixed halide perovskites for optoelectronicapplications10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02369 ↗
26. Efficient Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells by Vapour Deposition10.1038/nature12509 ↗
27. Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells10.1126/science.1254050 ↗
28. Inorganic hole conductor-based lead halide perovskite solar cells with 12.4% conversion efficiency10.1038/ncomms4834 ↗
29. Long-range balanced electron- and hole-transport lengths in organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbI310.1126/science.1243167 ↗
30. Iodide Management in Formamidinium-Lead-Halide-Based Perovskite Layers for Efficient Solar Cells10.1126/science.aan2301 ↗
31. Pseudo-halide anion engineering for α-FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells10.1038/s41586-021-03406-5 ↗
32. Mechanical properties of cotton fabric reinforced geopolymer composites at 200–1000 °C10.1007/s40145-014-0109-x ↗
33. Efficient hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructuredorganometal halide perovskites10.1126/science.1228604 ↗
34. Two-Dimensional Materials for Halide Perovskite-Based Optoelectronic Devices10.1002/adma.201605448 ↗
35. Strained hybrid perovskite thin films and their impact on the intrinsic stability of perovskite solar cells10.1126/sciadv.aao5616 ↗
36. Realizing enhanced energy storage and hardness performances in 0.90NaNbO3−0.10Bi(Zn0.5Sn0.5)O3 ceramics10.1007/s40145-022-0566-6 ↗
37. Preparation and mechanical properties of β-Zr2O(PO4)2: A soft and damage tolerant ceramic with machinability and good thermal shock resistance10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.09.007 ↗
38. Mechanical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic CH3NH3BX3 (B = Sn, Pb; X = Br, I) perovskites for solar cell absorbers10.1063/1.4885256 ↗
39. Mechanical properties of APbX3 (A = Cs or CH3NH3; X = I or Br) perovskite single crystals10.1557/mrc.2015.69 ↗
40. Mechanical Properties of Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites, CH3NH3PbX3 (X=I, Br and Cl), by Nanoindentation10.1039/C5TA03331D ↗
41. Ultralow thermal conductivity and ultrahigh thermal expansion of single-crystal organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbX3 (X= Cl, Br, I)10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b05919 ↗
42. An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments10.1557/JMR.1992.1564 ↗
43. Retrograde solubility of formamidinium and methylammonium lead halide perovskites enabling rapid single crystal growth10.1039/C5CC06916E ↗
44. Elaborating the phases and mechanical properties of multiphase alloy: Experimental two-dimensional mapping combined with theoretical calculations10.1016/j.matchar.2017.11.005 ↗
45. Total pattern fitting for the combined size–strain–stress–texture determination in thin film diffraction10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.053 ↗
46. Halide perovskite materials for solar cells: A theoretical review10.1039/C4TA05033A ↗
47. Special quasirandom structures10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.353 ↗
48. Optical properties of CH3NH3PbX3 (X = halogen) and their mixed-halide crystals10.1023/A:1016584519829 ↗
49. MAPbI3-xClx mixed halide perovskite for hybrid solar cells: The role of chloride as dopant on the transport and structural properties10.1021/cm402919x ↗
50. Linstrom, P.J., and Mallard, W.G. (2017). NIST Chemistry Webbook, NIST Standard Reference Database No. 69.
51. Unbalanced Hole and Electron Diffusion in Lead Bromide Perovskites10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05022 ↗
52. Crystal Structures, Optical Properties, and Effective Mass Tensors of CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I and Br) Phases Predicted from HSE0610.1021/jz500480m ↗
53. Mechanical Properties of a 2D Lead-Halide Perovskite, (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbCl4, by Nanoindentation and First-Principles Calculations10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c04283 ↗
54. Optimized opto-electronic and mechanical properties of orthorhombic methylamunium lead halides (MAPbX3) (X = I, Br and Cl) for photovoltaic applications10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.035 ↗