Experimental Measurement and Numerical Simulation on the Snow-Cover Process of Solar Photovoltaic Modules and Its Impact on Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency

The snow falling on the surface of photovoltaic modules tends to reduce the output power. In order to understand the process of snow accumulating on solar photovoltaic modules and reveal the impact of snow accumulation on photovoltaic conversion efficiency, the snow-cover process was simulated on the surface of photovoltaic modules with different tilt angles by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). On this basis, the relationship between the amount of snow and tilt angle was explored. The snow effect of photovoltaic modules on photoelectric conversion efficiency was studied by building a test platform. At the same time, a measurement platform of snow accumulation on photovoltaic modules and photoelectric conversion efficiency was constructed. Through the experiment of the relationship between snow thickness and snow sliding distance and the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) modules, the influence of snow thickness and snow area on the power generation efficiency of PV modules is discussed. The results show that the larger angle between the photovoltaic panel and the ground is adverse to the accumulation of snow on the panel. When the thickness of snow reaches 1 cm, the power generation efficiency of the entire photovoltaic module reduces to 7.1% of that as normal. At the same time, the sliding of snow on the photovoltaic panel improves the efficiency of photoelectric conversion. Through the analysis of numerical simulation and experimental results, targeted suggestions are made on how to improve the efficiency of power generation for photovoltaic power stations under snowy conditions, which may provide a reference for engineering work.