Metal-Doped TiO2 Thin Film as an Electron Transfer Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review
Source abstract
Abstract
The electron transfer layer (ETL) plays a vital role in achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is primarily utilised as the ETL since it is low-cost, chemically stable, and has the simplest thin-film preparation methods. However, TiO2 is not an ideal ETL because it leads to low conductivity, conduction band mismatch, and unfavourable electron mobility. In addition, the exposure of TiO2 to ultraviolet light induces the formation of oxygen vacancies at the surface. To overcome these issues, doping TiO2 with various metal ions is favourable to improve the surface structure properties and electronic properties. This review focuses on the bulk modification of TiO2 via doping with various metal ions concentrations to improve electrical and optical properties, charge carrier density, and interfacial electron–hole recombination, thus contributing to enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films · Conducting polymers and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
Center of Excellence, Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Blvd. D. Mangeron 71, 700050 Iasi, Romania
Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, Dacia Blvd. 26, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
Romanian Inventors Forum, Str. Sf. P. Movila 3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection, INCDPM, Splaiul Independentei 294, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
Funding
University Scientific Research Fund (FCSU)
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