Recent Progress in Perovskite Solar Cells: Status and Future
Source abstract
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has seen effective performance upgrades, showing remarkable academic research and commercial application value. Compared with commercial silicon cells, the PCE gap is narrowing. However, the stability, cost, and large-scale production are still far behind. For scale-up preparing high-efficiency and stable PSCs, there is a variety of related research from each functional layer of perovskite solar cells. This review systematically summarizes the recent research on the functional layers, including the electron transport layer, perovskite layer, hole transport layer, and electrode. The common ETL materials, such as TiO2, SnO2, and ZnO, need doping and a bi-layer ETL to promote their property. Large-scale and low-cost production of perovskite layers with excellent performance and stability has always been the focus. The expensive and instability problems of Spiro-OMeTAD and electrode materials remain to be solved. The main problems and future development direction of them are also discussed.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Conducting polymers and applications · Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Energy Photoelectric Device and System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
Funding
Natural Science Foundation of China · Open Foundation of Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy · Talents of the High-Level Scientific Research Foundation of the Hubei University of Technology
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Environmental impacts of solar energy systems: A review10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141989 ↗
2. Advancing 2D Perovskites for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells: Challenges and Opportunities10.1002/adma.202105849 ↗
3. All-inorganic perovskite quantum dots as light-harvesting, interfacial, and light-converting layers toward solar cells10.1039/D1TA02786G ↗
4. Review on Recent Progress of All-Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites and Solar Cells10.1002/adma.201902851 ↗
5. The Main Progress of Perovskite Solar Cells in 2020-202110.1007/s40820-021-00672-w ↗
6. Recent Advances and Perspectives of Photostability for Halide Perovskite Solar Cells10.1002/adom.202101822 ↗
7. Roy, P., Ghosh, A., Barclay, F., Khare, A., and Cuce, E. (2022). Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review of the Recent Advances. Coatings, 12.10.3390/coatings12081089 ↗
8. Park, J., Kim, J., Yun, H.-S., Paik, M.J., Noh, E., Mun, H.J., Kim, M.G., Shin, T.J., and Seok, S.I. (2023). Controlled growth of perovskite layers with volatile alkylammonium chlorides. Nature.10.1038/s41586-023-05825-y ↗
9. Ab initio investigation of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites based on tin halides10.1103/PhysRevB.77.235214 ↗
10. Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: From Fundamentals to Commercial Deployment10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00780 ↗
11. Solid-state principles applied to organic–inorganic perovskites: New tricks for an old dog10.1039/C4SC02211D ↗
12. Organolead Halide Perovskite: New Horizons in Solar Cell Research10.1021/jp409025w ↗
13. NH2CH=NH2PbI3: An Alternative Organolead Iodide Perovskite Sensitizer for Mesoscopic Solar Cells10.1021/cm404006p ↗
14. Low-bandgap mixed tin-lead iodide perovskite with large grains for high performance solar cells10.1039/C8TA03054E ↗
15. 50% Sn-Based Planar Perovskite Solar Cell with Power Conversion Efficiency up to 13.6%10.1002/aenm.201601353 ↗
16. Fully textured monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with 25.2% power conversion efficiency10.1038/s41563-018-0115-4 ↗
17. Perovskite-silicon tandem solar modules with optimised light harvesting10.1039/C8EE00237A ↗
18. CH3NH3PbBr3-CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells with Exceeding 2.2 V Open Circuit Voltage10.1002/adma.201501629 ↗
19. Monolithic Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: A Review of the Present Status and Advanced Characterization Methods Toward 30% Efficiency10.1002/aenm.201904102 ↗
20. Realizing solution-processed monolithic PbS QDs/perovskite tandem solar cells with high UV stability10.1039/C8TA09164A ↗
21. Recent Advances in the Inverted Planar Structure of Perovskite Solar Cells10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00404 ↗
22. Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells10.1038/nmat4014 ↗
23. A fluorene-terminated hole-transporting material for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells10.1038/s41560-018-0200-6 ↗
24. Recent progress in hybrid perovskite solar cells based on n-type materials10.1039/C7TA02376F ↗
25. Reduced extrinsic recombination process in anatase and rutile TiO2 epitaxial thin films for efficient electron transport layers10.1038/s41598-021-86422-9 ↗
26. Ambient processed perovskite sensitized porous TiO2 nanorods for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161061 ↗
27. A novel ball milling technique for room temperature processing of TiO2 nanoparticles employed as the electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells and modules10.1039/C8TA00303C ↗
28. Ultrasonic spray deposition of TiO2 electron transport layers for reproducible and high efficiency hybrid perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.045 ↗
29. In-depth analysis of defects in TiO2 compact electron transport layers and impact on performance and hysteresis of planar perovskite devices at low light10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110448 ↗
30. Efficient planar perovskite solar cells with low-temperature atomic layer deposited TiO2 electron transport layer and interfacial modifier10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.016 ↗
31. Oblique Electrostatic Inkjet-Deposited TiO2 Electron Transport Layers for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells10.1038/s41598-019-56164-w ↗
32. Inkjet-Printed Compact TiO2 Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells10.1002/ente.202000330 ↗
33. Inkjet-Printed TiO2/Fullerene Composite Films for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells10.1002/hlca.202000044 ↗
34. Low-temperature fabrication of perovskite solar cells using modified TiO2 electron transport layer10.1016/j.mssp.2021.106303 ↗
35. Optimization of TiO2 paste concentration employed as electron transport layers in fully ambient air processed perovskite solar cells with a low-cost architecture10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.09.107 ↗
36. Influence of bi-phasic TiO2 as a low-temperature curable electron transport layer for efficient perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.solener.2022.10.037 ↗
37. Facile Sol Gel-Derived Craterlike Dual-Functioning TiO2 Electron Transport Layer for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells10.1021/acsami.8b00549 ↗
38. Oxidation, reduction, and inert gases plasma-modified defects in TiO2 as electron transport layer for planar perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.jcou.2019.04.001 ↗
39. Low-Temperature Microwave Processed TiO2 as an Electron Transport Layer for Enhanced Performance and Atmospheric Stability in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells10.1021/acsaem.1c02675 ↗
40. In Situ Electron Transport Layers by a Carboxyl Ionic Liquid-Assisted Microwave Technique for a 20.1% Perovskite Solar Cell10.1021/acsaem.1c01596 ↗
41. Efficiency Improvement of TiO2 Nanorods Electron Transport Layer Based Perovskite Solar Cells by Solvothermal Etching10.1109/JPHOTOV.2019.2941181 ↗
42. Engineering of the Electron Transport Layer/Perovskite Interface in Solar Cells Designed on TiO2 Rutile Nanorods10.1002/adfm.201909738 ↗
43. Fabricating an optimal rutile TiO2 electron transport layer by delicately tuning TiCl4 precursor solution for high performance perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104336 ↗
44. Concentration-Dependent Impact of Alkali Li Metal Doped Mesoporous TiO2 Electron Transport Layer on the Performance of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b05355 ↗
45. Magnesium doped TiO2 as an efficient electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.csite.2021.101101 ↗
46. Low temperature Zn-doped TiO2 as electron transport layer for 19% efficient planar perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.11.237 ↗
47. Boosting the efficiency of commercial available carbon-based perovskite solar cells using Zinc-doped TiO2 nanorod arrays as electron transport layer10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156785 ↗
48. Interface modification of an electron transport layer using europium acetate for enhancing the performance of P3HT-based inorganic perovskite solar cells10.1039/D1CP03645A ↗
49. Low-Temperature Synthesized Nb-Doped TiO2 Electron Transport Layer Enabling High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells by Band Alignment Tuning10.1021/acsami.9b23485 ↗
50. Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells through e-beam preparation of cerium doped TiO2 electron transport layer, ultraviolet conversion layer CsPbBr3 and the encapsulation layer Al2O310.1016/j.solener.2020.01.048 ↗
51. Enhanced performance of planar perovskite solar cells using Ce-doped TiO2 as electron transport layer10.1007/s10853-020-04409-9 ↗
52. Incorporation of Zr-doped TiO2 nanoparticles in electron transport layer for efficient planar perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101299 ↗
53. Micro structurally engineered hysteresis-free high efficiency perovskite solar cell using Zr-doped TiO2 electron transport layer10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.01.187 ↗
54. Effect of Annealing Temperature on Tantalum-Doped TiO2 as Electron Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells10.1109/TED.2022.3142652 ↗
55. Spray-Pyrolyzed Tantalium-Doped TiO2 Compact Electron Transport Layer for UV-Photostable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 20% Efficiency10.1021/acsaem.1c03848 ↗
56. Performance enhancement of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with GQDs-doped TiO2 electron transport layer10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110407 ↗
57. 15% efficient carbon based planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells using a TiO2/SnO2 bilayer as the electron transport layer10.1039/C8TA00526E ↗
58. Reduced methylammonium triple-cation Rb0.05(FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05 perovskite solar cells based on a TiO2/SnO2 bilayer electron transport layer approaching a stabilized 21% efficiency: The role of antisolvents10.1039/C9TA05422G ↗
59. Low temperature solution-derived TiO2-SnO2 bilayered electron transport layer for high performance perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.09.146 ↗
60. Yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 nanospheres as electron transport layer in mesoscopic perovskite solar cell10.1007/s10971-020-05221-2 ↗
61. A low-temperature TiO2/SnO2 electron transport layer for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells10.1007/s40843-019-9586-x ↗
62. Synergistic Engineering of Conduction Band, Conductivity, and Interface of Bilayered Electron Transport Layers with Scalable TiO2 and SnO2 Nanoparticles for High-Efficiency Stable Perovskite Solar Cells10.1021/acsami.1c02105 ↗
63. Koech, R.K., Ichwani, R., Oyewole, D., Kigozi, M., Amune, D., Sanni, D.M., Adeniji, S., Oyewole, K., Bello, A., and Ntsoenzok, E. (2021). Tin Oxide Modified Titanium Dioxide as Electron Transport Layer in Formamidinium-Rich Perovskite Solar Cells. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14237870 ↗
64. Ko, Y., Kim, T., Lee, C., Lee, C., Yun, Y.J., and Jun, Y. (2022). Alleviating Interfacial Recombination of Heterojunction Electron Transport Layer via Oxygen Vacancy Engineering for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Over 23%. Energy Environ. Mater., 1–12.10.1002/eem2.12347 ↗
65. SnO2-TiO2 Hybrid Electron Transport Layer for Efficient and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00637 ↗
66. SnO2 Quantum Dot-Modified Mesoporous TiO2 Electron Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells10.1021/acsaem.1c03681 ↗
67. Thin Film of TiO2-ZnO Binary Mixed Nanoparticles as Electron Transport Layers in Low-Temperature Processed Perovskite Solar Cells10.1142/S1793292020500368 ↗
68. Optimizing the Performance of CsPbI3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells via Doping a ZnO Electron Transport Layer Coupled with Interface Engineering10.1007/s40820-019-0320-y ↗
69. Constructing m-TiO2/a-WOx hybrid electron transport layer to boost interfacial charge transfer for efficient perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.cej.2020.126303 ↗
70. TiO2/WO3 Bilayer as Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 20%10.1002/admi.201901406 ↗
71. Design and simulation of perovskite solar cells based on graphene and TiO2/graphene nanocomposite as electron transport layer10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.102 ↗
72. Enhancement of the photovoltaic performance and the stability of perovskite solar cells via the modification of electron transport layers with reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline composite10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.017 ↗
73. Thick TiO2-Based Top Electron Transport Layer on Perovskite for Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01507 ↗
74. High efficiency and negligible hysteresis planar perovskite solar cells based on NiO nanocrystals modified TiO2 electron transport layers10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.011 ↗
75. Fullerene Derivative-Modified SnO2 Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 21%10.1021/acsami.9b09238 ↗
76. Achieving High Open-Circuit Voltage on Planar Perovskite Solar Cells via Chlorine-Doped Tin Oxide Electron Transport Layers10.1021/acsami.9b03873 ↗
77. Phosphate-Passivated SnO2 Electron Transport Layer for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells10.1021/acsami.9b11817 ↗
78. Insights into Fullerene Passivation of SnO2 Electron Transport Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells10.1002/adfm.201905883 ↗
79. Enhanced Charge Transport and Interface Passivation in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Using Sulfur-Doped Graphite Carbon Nitride-Modified SnO2-Based Electron Transport Layers10.1002/solr.202100058 ↗
80. Highly Enhanced Efficiency of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by an Electron Transport Layer Using Phytic Acid-Complexed SnO2 Colloids10.1002/solr.202100067 ↗
81. Precursor Engineering of the Electron Transport Layer for Application in High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells10.1002/advs.202102845 ↗
82. Highly efficient flexible perovskite solar cells with vacuum-assisted low-temperature annealed SnO2 electron transport layer10.1016/j.jechem.2021.09.021 ↗
83. Highly improved efficiency and stability of planar perovskite solar cells via bifunctional phytic acid dipotassium anchored SnO2 electron transport layer10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.152943 ↗
84. Polymer-Regulated SnO2 Composites Electron Transport Layer for High-Efficiency n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells10.1002/solr.202200092 ↗
85. Polymer-complexed SnO2 electron transport layer for high-efficiency n-i-p perovskite solar cells10.1039/D2NR03754H ↗
86. Facile Surface Engineering of Composite Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with a Fill Factor Exceeding 81%10.1002/admi.202102331 ↗
87. Multi-cation hybrid stannic oxide electron transport layer for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.133 ↗
88. High efficiency perovskite solar cells via NaCl modified tin oxide electron transport layer10.1016/j.orgel.2022.106677 ↗
89. Vacuum thermal-evaporated SnO2 as uniform electron transport layer and novel management of perovskite intermediates for efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.orgel.2018.11.021 ↗
90. High performance perovskite sub-module with sputtered SnO2 electron transport layer10.1016/j.solener.2019.03.026 ↗
91. Efficient Mixed-Cation Mixed-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells by All-Vacuum Sequential Deposition Using Metal Oxide Electron Transport Layer10.1002/solr.201900050 ↗
92. Room-Temperature Sputtered SnO2 as Robust Electron Transport Layer for Air-Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells on Rigid and Flexible Substrates10.1038/s41598-019-42962-9 ↗
93. Scalable Fabrication of Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Utilizing Room Temperature Sputtered SnO2 Electron Transport Layer10.1002/adfm.201806779 ↗
94. High-Performance Electron Transport Layer via Ultrasonic Spray Deposition for Commercialized Perovskite Solar Cells10.1021/acsaem.0c01003 ↗
95. Room-Temperature Spray Deposition of Large-Area SnO2 Electron Transport Layer for High Performance, Stable FAPbI(3)-Based Perovskite Solar Cells10.1002/smtd.202101127 ↗
96. Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposited Electron Transport Layers for Co-Evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells10.1002/solr.202100842 ↗
97. Hydrothermally Treated SnO2 as the Electron Transport Layer in High-Efficiency Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with a Certificated Efficiency of 17.3%10.1002/adfm.201807604 ↗
98. Oxygen Vacancy Management for High-Temperature Mesoporous SnO2 Electron Transport Layers in Printable Perovskite Solar Cells10.1002/anie.202202012 ↗
99. Negligible hysteresis planar perovskite solar cells using Ga-doped SnO2 nanocrystal as electron transport layers10.1016/j.orgel.2019.05.011 ↗
100. Sputtered Ga-Doped SnOx Electron Transport Layer for Large-Area All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells10.1021/acsami.0c19540 ↗