From Supramolecular Order to Device Performance in Langmuir–Blodgett and Langmuir–Schaefer Films

This review delves into the theoretical fundamentals and key methods for the electrical and electrochemical characterization of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) and Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) films, with a particular emphasis on the precise nanostructuring control these techniques offer. By analyzing a selection of influential studies—ranging from early foundational work to the most recent advancements—we critically compare how LB/LS deposition influences electrical and electrochemical performance relative to other techniques, with emphasis on how differences in molecular organization affect charge transport, interfacial processes, and electrochemical response. We also examine the wide range of electrodes used as electrical contacts in LB and LS‐based devices, including interdigitated electrodes, field‐effect transistors, and glassy carbon electrodes. Finally, we highlight applications in chemical sensing (gas, liquid, and biosensing) and summarize key performance–processing trade‐offs, current limitations, and practical perspectives for advancing Langmuir‐based functional devices.