Solution processed hybrid photovoltaics: preparation of a standard ZnO template

The formation of a well-defined, reproducible ZnO nanorod scaffold for hybrid photovoltaic applications has been investigated. A standard hydrothermal growth method was used and the influence of chemical additions in controlling length, width, density, and orientation was studied. The nanostructures prepared have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy in addition to measurement of the wetting behavior. A standard procedure for the production of vertically orientated nanorods with a narrow size distribution, high areal density, and good wettability in aqueous solutions is presented.