DataVXJournal of Ovonic ResearchPaper
journal article·2023-04Open access

Structural, optical and electrical properties of sulphide based heterojunction thin film

Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, E. P. Obot, C. Augustine, Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, R. A. Chikwenze, Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, S. O. Amadi, Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, P. E. Okpani, Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, P. N. Kalu, Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, B. J. Robert, Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, O.N. Nwoke, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, A.E. Igweoke, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, R. O. Okoro, Department of Physics, Ikwo College of Education , Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Journal of Ovonic Research· Volume 19· Issue 2
Publisher pageOpen full text
Source abstract

Abstract

This contribution presents structural, optical and electrical properties of PbS/CdS thin films at different annealing temperatures. The XRD analysis reveal the existence of three different crystalline phases, i.e., the beta-CdS, hawleyite-CdS and greenockite-alpha-CdS phases within the CdS-shell of PbS/CdS core shell thin film. The dislocation density and microstrain decreased with annealing temperatures indicating a decrease in lattice imperfections and formation of high quality film and it can be attributed to the increase in grain size of the film with increase in annealing temperatures. Optical studies placed the band gaps at 1.25eV-1.75eV. About the same magnitude were found from electrical conductivity test. The samples exhibited high conductivity with increasing annealing temperatures which resulted to the bumping of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. The high absorbance suggest that the film could be coated on collectors to enhance solar energy collection. The achieved band gaps placed the PbS/CdS fabricated with the presented method as a good material for solar photovoltaic applications.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

Electronic materialsMaterials processing

OpenAlex topics: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · Copper-based nanomaterials and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (48)

Show source-provided references
1. [1] M.O. Ortuno-Lopez, J.J. Valenzuela-Jauregui, R. Ramirez-Bon, E. Prokhorov, J. GonzaleHernandez, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solid, 63, 665-668 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3697(01)00210-410.1016/S0022-3697(01)00210-4 ↗
2. [2] P. Nemec, I. Nemec, P. Nahalkova, Y. Nemcova, F. Trojanec, P. Maly, Thin Solid Films, 403- 404, (2002); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01530-910.1016/S0040-6090(01)01530-9 ↗
3. [3] T. Nakada, M. Mitzutani, Y. Hagiwara, A. Kunioka, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 67, 255-260 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-0248(00)00289-010.1016/S0927-0248(00)00289-0 ↗
4. [4] C. D. Lokhande, E. H. Lee, K. D. Jung, Q. S. Joo, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 91, 200- 204 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.11.01410.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.11.014 ↗
5. [5] M.B. Ortun˜o-Lopez, J.J. Valenzula-Jauregui, M. Sotelo-Lerma, A. Mendoza-Galvan, R. Ramı'rez-Bon, Thin Solid Films, 429, 34-39 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00144-510.1016/S0040-6090(03)00144-5 ↗
6. [6] M.G. Sandoval-Paz, R. Ramı'rez-Bon, Thin Solid Films, 517, 6747-6752 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.05.04510.1016/j.tsf.2009.05.045 ↗
7. [7] M.B. Ortuno-Lopez, J.J. Valenzula-Jauregui, R. Ramirez-Bon, E. Prokhorov, J. GonzalezHernandez, Journal of Physics and Chemistry Solids, 63, 665-668 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3697(01)00210-410.1016/S0022-3697(01)00210-4 ↗
8. [8] J.J. Valenzula-Jauregui, R. Ramirez-Bon, A. Mendoza-Galvan, M. Sotelo-Lerma, Thin Solid Films, 441, 104-110 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00908-810.1016/S0040-6090(03)00908-8 ↗
9. [9] M. Dhanam, B. Kavitha, B. Maheswari, G. R. Jesna, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 119, 885 (2011); https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.119.88510.12693/APhysPolA.119.885 ↗
10. [10] P. K. Nair, M.T.S Nair, V.M. Garcia, O.L. Arenas, Y. Pena, A. Castillo, I.T. Ayala,O. Gomezdaza, A. Nchez, J. Campos, H. Hu, R. Suarez, M.E .Rinc'on, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C., 52 , 313 (1998).
11. [11] J.L. Machol , F.W. Wise, R.C. Patel, D.B. Tanner, Phys. Rev. B, 48, 2819 (1993); https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.48.281910.1103/PhysRevB.48.2819 ↗
12. [12] P. Gadenne, Y. Yagil, G. Deutscher, J. Appl. Phys., 66 , 3019 (1989); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.34418710.1063/1.344187 ↗
13. [13] P.K. Nair V.M. Garcia, A.B. Hernandez, M.T.S. Nair, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 24, 1466-1472 (1991); https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/24/8/03610.1088/0022-3727/24/8/036 ↗
14. [14] P. Ileana, N. Cristina, I. Violeta, E. Indrea, I. Bratu, Thin Solid Films 307, 240-244 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00304-010.1016/S0040-6090(97)00304-0 ↗
15. [15] P. Nair, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 52, 313 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927- 0248(97)00237-710.1016/S0927-0248(97)00237-7 ↗
16. [16] J.J. Valenzuela-Jauregui, R. Ramirez-Bon, G. Mendoza, M. Sotelo-Lerma, Thin Solid Films, 104, (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00908-810.1016/S0040-6090(03)00908-8 ↗
17. [17] J. Hernandez-Borja, Y. V. Vorobiev, R. Ramirez-Bon, Sol. Energy Mater.Sol. Cells, 95, 1882 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.02.01210.1016/j.solmat.2011.02.012 ↗
18. [18] B.R. Sankagal, C.D. Lokhande, Materials Chemistry and Physics; 14, 126 (2002).
19. [19] K. D. Rakesh, S. Mohan, S.K. Agarwal, H. K. Sehgal, Thin Solid Films, 80, 447-448 (2002).
20. [20] P.E. Agbo, M.N. Nnabuchi, Core-Shell TiO2/ZnO Thin Film: Preparation, Characterization and effect of temperature on some selected properties, Chalcogenide Letters, 8(4), 273-278 (2011).
21. [21] B.B. Nayak, H.N. Acharya, J. Mat. Sci. lett. 4, 651 (1985); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0072005810.1007/BF00720058 ↗
22. [22] S.O. Ahmed, M. A. Mahdi, Z. Hassan, M. Bououdina, Superlattices and Microstructures, 52, 816-823 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2012.06.02410.1016/j.spmi.2012.06.024 ↗
23. [23] M.A. Manal, H.H. Noor, I.M. Hanaa, H.M. Ghuson, A.A. Kadhim, F.A. Ameer, Investigation of optical properties of the PbS/CdS thin films by thermal evaporation, Journal of Electron Devices, 12, 761-766 (2012).
24. [24] J. Hernández-Borja, Y.V. Vorobiev, R. Ramírez-Bon, Thin film solar cells of CdS/PbS chemically deposited by an ammonia-free process, Sol. Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 95, 1882- 1888 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.02.01210.1016/j.solmat.2011.02.012 ↗
25. [25] A.I. Oliva, R. Castro-Rodriguez, O. Solis-Canto, V. Sosa, P. Quintana, J.L. Pena, Comparative of properties of CdS thin films grown by two techniques, Applied surface science, 205, 54-56 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(02)01081-410.1016/S0169-4332(02)01081-4 ↗
26. [26] L. Lai-Hung, P. Loredana, V.K. Maksym, A.L. Maria, Sensitized solar cells with colloidal PbS-CdS core-shell Quantum Dots, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 16, 736-742 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CP54145B10.1039/C3CP54145B ↗
27. [27] W. K. Erich, Fabrication of All-Inorganic Optoelectronic Devices using Matrix Encapsulation of Nano Crystal Arrays, M.Sc Thesis, Graduate College of Bowling Green State University, 6-52 (2012).
28. [28] H.P. Klug, L.E. Alexander, X-ray diffraction procedure for polycrystalline and armophous materials, Wiley New York, (1974).
29. [29] K. O. Ovid, "Interfaces and misfit defects in nanostructured and polycrystalline films, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 1, 61(2000).
30. [30] B. G. Jeyaprakash, K. Kesavan, K. Ashok, S. Mohan, A. Amalarami, Temperature dependent grain size and microstructure of CdO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis method, Bull. Mater. Sci., 34, 601-605 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-011-0169-210.1007/s12034-011-0169-2 ↗
31. [31] M.N. Nnabuchi, Bandgap and optical properties of chemical bath deposited magnesium sulphide (MgS) thin films, Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 6(2), 105-110 (2005).
32. [32] C. D. Lokhande, B.R. Sankapal, R.S. Mane, H.M. Pathan, M. Muller, M. Giersig, V. Ganesan, Appl. Surf. Sci., 193, 1 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00819-410.1016/S0169-4332(01)00819-4 ↗
33. [33] P. E. Agbo, M. N. Nnabuchi, Core-Shell TiO2/ZnO Thin Film: Preparation, Characterization and effect of temperature on some selected properties, Chalcogenide Letters, 8 (4), 273 (2011).
34. [34] P. E. Agbo, G. F. Ibeh, S. O. Okeke, J. E. Ekpe, Chemically Deposited Cuprous Oxide Thin Film on Titanium Oxide for Solar Applications, Communications in Applied Sciences, 1 (1), 38 (2013).
35. [35] U. Cemal, E. Ozge, G. Mustafa, C. Gumus, Effect of annealing temperatures on the physical properties of Mn3O4 thin film prepared by chemical bath deposition, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 11, 2835-2845.10.1016/S1452-3981(23)16144-X ↗
36. [36] A.L. Cai, J.F. Muth, Refractive index and other Properties of Doped ZnO Films, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc 764,120-140 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-764-C3.2110.1557/PROC-764-C3.21 ↗
37. [37] A.I. Onyia, M.N. Nnabuchi, Study of Optical properties of CdS/PbS and PbS/CdS Heterojunction Thin Films Deposited using Solution Growth Technique, Proceedings of the 1st African International Conferences/Workshop on Applications of Nanotechnology to Energy, Health and Environment, UNN, March 23-29, (2014).
38. [38] M.A. Manal, H.H. Noor, I.M. Hanaa, H.M. Ghuson, A.A. Kadhim, F.A. Ameer, Investigation of optical properties of the PbS/CdS thin films by thermal Evaporation, Journal of Electron Devices, 12, 761-766 (2012).
39. [39] H.Y. Deuk, M.L. Seung, H.J. Yem, M. Jooho, S.C. Yong, Origin of the enhanced photovoltaic characteristics of PbS thin film solar cells proceeded at near room temperature, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2, 20112-20117 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA03433C10.1039/C4TA03433C ↗
40. [40] T.O. Daniel, Effect of substrate temperature on zinc oxide doped aluminium, M.Sc Desertation, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State (2015).
41. [41] C. Augustine, M. N. Nnabuchi, F. N. C. Anyaegbunam, A. N. Nwachukwu (2017). Study of the effects of thermal annealing on some selected properties of heterojunction PbS-NiO core-shell thin film, Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 12 (2), 523-531.
42. [42] Augustine, C. and Nnabuchi, M.N. (2017). Band gap determination of novel PbS-NiO-CdO heterojunction thin film for possible solar energy applications, Journal of Ovonic Research, 13 (4), 233-240.
43. [43] M. Dhankhar, O.P. Singh, V.N. Singh, Physical principles of losses in thin film solar cells and efficiency enhancement methods, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 40, 214-223 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.16310.1016/j.rser.2014.07.163 ↗
44. [44] L. Wei, M.A. Ruixin, X. Jianshe, K. Bo, RF magnetron sputtered ZnO:Al thin films on glass substrates: a study of damp heat stability on their optical and electrical properties, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 91 (20), 1902-1905 (2007).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2007.07.00810.1016/j.solmat.2007.07.008 ↗
45. [45] P.E. Agbo, Growth and Characterization of Core-Shell Thin Films and Their Possible Applications, PhD. Thesis, Department of Industrial Physics, Ebonyi State University, (2012).
46. [46] O. Mustafa, Influence of grain size on the electrical and optical properties of lnP films Chin. Phys. Lett, 25, (2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/25/11/06910.1088/0256-307X/25/11/069 ↗
47. [47] M.R. Islam, J. Podder, Optical properties of ZnO Nano Fibre Thin Films grown by Spray Pyrolysis of Zinc Acetate Precursor, Crystal Research Technology, 44 (3), 286-292 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.20080032610.1002/crat.200800326 ↗
48. [48] B.L. Theraja, Textbook of Electrical Technology; S.C. Hard and Company Ltd, 243 - 2434 (2007).