Photovoltaic Efficiency Optimization of Electrodeposited MAPbI₃ Perovskite: Impact of Ammonium Valeric Acid Iodide Additive

Electrodeposition is being investigated as an alternative method for developing large-area perovskite active layers for carbon-based solar cells. This study focuses on incorporating the 5-ammonium valeric acid iodide (5-AVAI) additive into the established MAPbI 3 perovskite. Previous research has shown that 5-AVAI can enhance the performance and stability of similar solar cells produced via spin-coating, drop-casting, or inkjet printing. However, its impact on solar cells with electrodeposited active layers remains unexplored. This research investigated the synthesis and characterization of mixed 3D–2D perovskites in the (MAPbI 3 ) 1– x ((AVA) 2 PbI 4 ) x family processed by electrodeposition. By varying both the conversion times and 5-AVAI concentrations, we analyzed the structural, optical, and photovoltaic properties of these novel perovskites. An intricate interplay between the conversion parameters and the perovskite properties is evident. Notably, photovoltaic devices with a specific quantity of 5-AVAI showed a 65% enhancement in the power conversion efficiency after 150 h of post-treatment at 40 °C under vacuum. These findings open the way to the improved performance of electrodeposited MAPbI 3 perovskites.