journal article·2024-06Open access

Reconstruction of the Ferromagnetic Hysteresis in the Rayleigh Regime by Means of Impedance Analysis of the Excitation Coil

Sascha Thieltges, Sargon Youssef, Uwe Hartmann

Abstract

Abstract Ferromagnetic hysteresis measurements can be used to determine both magnetic and mechanical state variables that correlate with each other. Therefore, hysteresis measurements are suitable for mechanical material characterization. The application of standardized hysteresis measurement methods is complex and can only be used to a limited extent in an industrial environment. In this work, a BH (ferromagnetic hysteresis) curve is to be reconstructed on 22NiMoCr3-7 samples that are in different mechanically deformed states (different histories). The reconstruction of the hysteresis is performed by an impedance analysis of the H-field generating coil. The applied method demonstrates that the ferromagnetic hysteresis can be reconstructed by means of an impedance analysis and is sensitive to different states of plastical deformation.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Magnetic Properties and Applications · Non-Destructive Testing Techniques · Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (30)

Show source-provided references
1. Altpeter, I., Theiner, W.A.: Eigenspannungsmessung an Stahl der Güte 22NiMoCr3 7 mit magnetischen und magnetoelastischen Prüfverfahren. 4. Internationale Konferenz Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung in der Kerntechnik (1981)
2. Jiles, D.C., Utrata, D.: Strain Dependence of the Magnetic Properties of AISI 4130 and 4140 Alloy Steels. In: Thompson, D.O., Chimenti, D.E. (eds). Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1455–1462 (1988)10.1007/978-1-4613-0979-6_69 ↗
3. Sablik, M.J., Kwun, H., Burkhardt, G.L., Jiles, D.C.: Model for the effect of tensile and compressive stress on ferromagnetic hysteresis. J. Appl. Phys. 61(8), 3799–3801 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.33865010.1063/1.338650 ↗
4. Schroeder, G., Schäfer, R., Kronmüller, H.: Magneto-optical investigation of the domain structure of amorphous Fe80B20 alloys. Phys. Status Solidi 50(2), 475–481 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.221050021510.1002/pssa.2210500215 ↗
5. Sander, D., Skomski, R., Enders, A., Schmidthals, C., Reuter, D., Kirschner, J.: The correlation between mechanical stress and magnetic properties of ultrathin films. J. Phys. Appl. Phys. 31(6), 663–670 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/31/6/01410.1088/0022-3727/31/6/014 ↗
6. Capó Sánchez, J., Campos, M.F., Padovese, L.R.: Comparison Between Different Experimental Set-Ups for Measuring the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise in a Deformed 1050 Steel. J. Nondestruct. Eval. 36(4), (2017) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-017-0445-110.1007/s10921-017-0445-1 ↗
7. Gupta, B., Uchimoto, T., Ducharne, B., Sebald, G., Miyazaki, T., Takagi, T.: Magnetic incremental permeability non-destructive evaluation of 12 Cr-Mo-W-V steel creep test samples with varied ageing levels and thermal treatments. NDT & E Int. 104, 42–50 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2019.03.00610.1016/j.ndteint.2019.03.006 ↗
8. Wang, Z.D., Gu, Y., Wang, Y.S.: A review of three magnetic NDT technologies. J. Magnet. Magnet. Mater. 324(4), 382–388 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.08.04810.1016/j.jmmm.2011.08.048 ↗
9. Xiao-meng, L., Hong-sheng, D., Shi-wu, B.: Research on the stress-magnetism effect of ferromagnetic materials based on three-dimensional magnetic flux leakage testing. NDT & E Int. 62, 50–54 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2013.11.00210.1016/j.ndteint.2013.11.002 ↗
10. Bramerdorfer, G., Kitzberger, M., Wöckinger, D., Koprivica, B., Zurek, S.: State-of-the-art and future trends in soft magnetic materials characterization with focus on electric machine design – Part 1. tm - Technisches Messen 86(10), 540–552 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2019-006510.1515/teme-2019-0065 ↗
11. Stupakov, A., Perevertov, A., Neslušan, M.: Reading depth of the magnetic Barkhausen noise. I. One-phase semi-hard ribbons. J. Magnet. Magnet. Mater. 513, 167086 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.16708610.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167086 ↗
12. Gabi, Y., Jacob, K., Wolter, B., Conrad, C., Strass, B., Grimm, J.: Analysis of incremental and differential permeability in NDT via 3D-simulation and experiment. J. Magnet. Magnet. Mater. 505, 166695 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.16669510.1016/j.jmmm.2020.166695 ↗
13. Szielasko, K., Wolter, B., Tschuncky, R., Youssef, S.: Micromagnetic materials characterization using machine learning. tm - Technisches Messen 87(6), 428–437 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2019-009910.1515/teme-2019-0099 ↗
14. Artetxe, I., Arizti, F., Martinez-de-Guerenu, A.: A New Technique to Obtain an Equivalent Indirect Hysteresis Loop From the Distortion of the Voltage Measured in the Excitation Coil. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 70, 1–12 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2020.302244410.1109/TIM.2020.3022444 ↗
15. Artetxe, I., Arizti, F., Martinez-de-Guerenu, A.: Improvement in the Equivalent Indirect Hysteresis Cycles Obtained From the Distortion of the Voltage Measured in the Excitation Coil. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 70, 1–11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2021.310132710.1109/TIM.2021.3101327 ↗
16. Artetxe, I., Arizti, F., Martínez-de-Guerenu, A.: Analysis of the voltage drop across the excitation coil for magnetic characterization of skin passed steel samples. Measurement 174, 109000 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.10900010.1016/j.measurement.2021.109000 ↗
17. White, S., Krause, T., Clapham, L.: Control of flux in magnetic circuits for Barkhausen noise measurements. Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(11), 3501–3510 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/18/11/03410.1088/0957-0233/18/11/034 ↗
18. Stupakov, O.: Investigation of applicability of extrapolation method for sample field determination in single-yoke measuring setup. J. Magnet. Magnet. Mater. 307(2), 279–287 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.04.01510.1016/j.jmmm.2006.04.015 ↗
19. Vértesy, G., Mészáros, I., Tomáš, I.: Nondestructive indication of plastic deformation of cold-rolled stainless steel by magnetic minor hysteresis loops measurement. J. Magnet. Magnet. Mater. 285(3), 335–342 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.08.00610.1016/j.jmmm.2004.08.006 ↗
20. Altpeter, I., Dobmann, G., Kröning, M., Rabung, M., Szielasko, S.: Micro-magnetic evaluation of micro residual stresses of the IInd and IIIrd order. NDT & E Int. 42(4), 283–290 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2008.11.00710.1016/j.ndteint.2008.11.007 ↗
21. Stupakov, O., Tomáš, I., Kadlecová, J.: Optimization of single-yoke magnetic testing by surface fields measurement. J. Phys. Appl. Phys. 39(2), 248–254 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/39/2/00310.1088/0022-3727/39/2/003 ↗
22. Moorthy, V.: Distortion analysis of magnetic excitation - a novel method for non-destructive evaluation of depth of surface-hardening in ferritic steels. Philos. Mag. Lett. 94(9), 564–572 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2014.94460110.1080/09500839.2014.944601 ↗
23. Moorthy, V.: Distortion analysis of magnetic excitation-a novel approach for the non-destructive microstructural evaluation of ferromagnetic steel. J. Phys. Appl. Phys. 47(20), 202001 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/20/20200110.1088/0022-3727/47/20/202001 ↗
24. Moorthy, V.: Distortion analysis of magnetic excitation - Inherent reflection of properties of ferromagnetic materials. J. Magnet. Magnet. Mater. 382, 58–62 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.01.05110.1016/j.jmmm.2015.01.051 ↗
25. Moorthy, V.: Distortion Analysis of Magnetic Excitation (DAME) – A Novel NDE Method for Evaluation of Properties of Ferromagnetic Materials. 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (2016)
26. Kneller, E., Seeger, A., Kronmüller, H.: Ferromagnetismus. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg (1962). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86695-110.1007/978-3-642-86695-1 ↗
27. Rayleigh: XXV. Notes on electricity and magnetism .—III. On the behaviour of iron and steel under the operation of feeble magnetic forces. Lond. Edinb. Dubl. Phil. Mag. J. Sci. 23(142), 225–245 (1887) https://doi.org/10.1080/1478644870862800010.1080/14786448708628000 ↗
28. Kachniarz, M., Szewczyk, R.: Study on the Rayleigh Hysteresis Model and its Applicability in Modeling Magnetic Hysteresis Phenomenon in Ferromagnetic Materials. Acta Phys. Pol. A 131(5), 1244–1250 (2017) https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.131.124410.12693/APhysPolA.131.1244 ↗
29. Feldtkeller, R.: Theorie der Spulen und Überträger, 5th edn. Monographien der elektrischen Nachrichtentechnik, vol. 13. Hirzel, Stuttgart (1971)
30. Youssef, S., Zimmer, C., Kopp, M., Szielasko, K., Farajian, M., Eichheimer, C., Luke, M.: Trennung von Spannungs- und Gefügeeinflüssen in der zerstörungsfreien mikromagnetischen Werkstoffcharakterisierung zur Bewertung der Anlagensicherheit, StressLess Phase II : Abschlussbericht : Berichtsdatum: 01.05.2018 bis 30.04.2020. Trennung von Spannungs- und Gefügeeinflüssen in der zerstörungsfreien mikromagnetischen Werkstoffcharakterisierung zur Bewertung der Anlagensicherheit, StressLess Phase II (2020) https://doi.org/10.2314/KXP:175768040310.2314/KXP:1757680403 ↗