Examining the Physical and Thermal Properties of Nettle Fibers Obtained from Different Genetic Sources and Determining Their Usability as Reinforcement Materials in Composites

The aim of this study was to grow nettle plants obtained from different genetic sources under identical conditions in order to characterize the properties of the resultant fibers with and without chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide. These plants were obtained from four different genetic sources, one from Asia, one from Germany, and two from local (Turkish) sources. Fibers obtained via the classical method were surface treated with sodium hydroxide. The physical, chemical, thermal and surface properties of the fibers were characterized using tests such as diameter, length, density, single fiber tensile test, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, Differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope. In this study, fibers were evaluated for their potential use in composite material production. The Asian-origin fiber, both treated and untreated, showed a high crystallinity index and superior mechanical properties. Although it was brittle and thicker than the others, it exhibited nearly double the load-carrying capacity. Its average fiber length was also significantly greater, contributing to improved performance. These advantages highlight its potential as a reinforcement material. These findings clearly demonstrate that Asian fiber is a highly suitable and superior reinforcement material for composite production compared to the other fibers examined in this study.