Y-TZP, Ce-TZP and as-synthesized Ce-TZP/Al2O3 materials in the development of high loading rate digital light processing formulations

Abstract Y-TZP, Ce-TZP and Ce-TZP/Al2O3 materials are widely investigated in dentistry. Digital Light Processing (DLP) is considered as a breakthrough technology for the dental field to fine print Y-TZP green parts. High loading photocurable formulations (>45 vol%) with Y-TZP, Ce-TZP commercial powders and Ce-TZP/30 vol% Al2O3 as-synthesized powder suitable to DLP printing were achieved in this study. A low specific surface area (5–13 m2/g) of particles without any pores and 1 wt% to 2 wt% of steric dispersant are required to obtain high loading formulations. The as-synthesized composites provide these properties by increasing the calcination temperature from 800 °C to 1200 °C. The as-prepared ceramic formulations based on the same photocurable resin exhibit a curing behavior suitable to DLP process for Y-TZP formulations (thickness > 50 μm in few seconds with a high conversion rate) in comparison with ceria ceramic. The ceria is a strongly UV absorbing material and a specific formulation is developed to obtain 80% of conversion and a cured thickness of 75 μm in 0.5 s.