Hydrothermal synthesis of fine bismuth titanate powders

Abstract Bismuth titanate (Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 ) fine powders were synthesized from a low temperature hydrothermal method. Bismuth nitrate and titanium isopropoxide were used as the starting materials with the mole ratio of Bi:Ti=4:3. Sodium hydroxide was added to adjust the pH of the mixed final solution at 13. The temperature of reaction in the hydrothermal Teflon-lined vessel was 150 °C. The effect of reaction time at 5, 10, and 15 h was investigated. The phase structure was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Orthorhombic structure of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 fine powders was obtained without calcination step. The morphology and microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) technique. The powders were generally sphered in shapes and the average sizes were 0.50–1.20 μm.