Structural, optical and electrical properties of Ce0.8Sm0.2-Er O2- (x = 0–0.2) Co-doped ceria electrolytes

Abstract This study examined the effects of samarium and erbium co-doping on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of ceria (CeO 2 ). Ceramic (Ce 0.8 Sm 0 .2- x Er x O 2- δ ; x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) electrolytes were synthesized via sol-gel assisted citric acid–nitrate combustion and calcined at 850 °C for 5 h. The calcined electrolytes possessed a cubic fluorite crystal structure without impure phases. The direct band gap of the calcined electrolytes increased as the erbium content increased and the lowest band gap was obtained for Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 2- δ (SDC) electrolyte. The calcined electrolyte powders were subsequently pressed into cylindrical pellets by uniaxial die pressing, and the pellets were sintered at 1400 °C for 5 h. The sintered densities of the pellets were measured with Archimedes’ method. The relative density of Ce 0.8 Sm 0.1 Er 0.1 O 2- δ co-doped ceria electrolyte was higher than those of singly doped ones, and these findings were further confirmed through field emission scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the conductivity of erbium-doped ceria increased as the samarium content increased. The maximum total ionic conductivity was observed in Ce 0.8 Sm 0.1 Er 0.1 O 2- δ co-doped electrolyte. However, the singly doped SDC electrolyte exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 13.12 mS/cm and the lowest activation energy of 0.580 eV at 600 °C among all other Ce 0.8 Sm 0 .2- x Er x O 2- δ co-doped ceria electrolytes.