journal article·2021-12

A comparative study on the effect of carbon-based and ceramic additives on the properties of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites for high temperature applications

Shehryar Ahmad, Sanan Ali, Muhammad Salman, Abrar H. Baluch

Ceramics International· Volume 47· Issue 24
Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract Ablative composites have been in use for thermal protection of space vehicles for decades. Carbon-phenolic composites have proven to perform exceptionally well in these applications. However with development in aerospace industry their performance needs improvement. In this field, different carbon-based and ceramic additives have been introduced into ablative composite systems. This review article gives a comparative analysis of researches done in this field in the recent past. Density, ablative, thermal and mechanical properties of ablative composites with different ultra-high temperature ceramic particles i.e. ZrSi2, Cenosphere, nano-SiO2, BN etc. and carbon-based nanoparticles i.e. CNTs, nano-Diamonds, Graphene oxide etc. used as additives, have been compared and discussed. Emphasis is put on carbon-phenolic composite systems although some epoxy matrix systems have also been discussed for comparison.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Tribology and Wear Analysis · Fiber-reinforced polymer composites · Carbon Nanotubes in Composites

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. 5.02 - advanced casting methodologies: inert environment vacuum casting and solidification, die casting, compocasting, and roll casting
2. 1 - introduction to the composite and its toughening mechanisms
3. Chapter 7 - types of composites
4. 6 - composite materials
5. Classification of composite materials
6. C. Zweben, Composite Materials, John Wiley Sons, Ltd, pp. 380–417..10.1002/0471777447.ch10 ↗
7. Comparison of materials for an integrated thermal protection system for spacecraft reentry10.2514/1.35669 ↗
8. B. Şimşek, B. Acar, B. Kuran, Ablation modeling of subliming ablator of a blunt-nosed body under aerodynamic heating, in: 2013 6th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies (RAST), IEEE, pp. 25–28..10.1109/RAST.2013.6581210 ↗
9. J.-M. Bouilly, L. Dariol, F. Leleu, Ablative thermal protections for atmospheric entry. an overview of past missions and needs for future programmes, in: Thermal Protection Systems and Hot Structures, volume vol. 631..
10. C. Snapp, A. Rodriguez, Orbiter thermal protection system lessons learned, in: AIAA SPACE 2011 Conference & Exposition, p. 7308..10.2514/6.2011-7308 ↗
11. Navier-Stokes simulations of hypersonic flows with coupled graphite ablation10.2514/1.47995 ↗
12. Carbon-phenolic ablative materials for re-entry space vehicles: plasma wind tunnel test and finite element modeling10.1016/j.matdes.2015.11.066 ↗
13. Linear ablation of composites
14. Ablation behavior and mechanism analysis of c/sic composites10.1016/j.jmrt.2015.10.004 ↗
15. Study of thermal stability and ablation behavior of carbon/epoxy-novolac composites10.1002/app.12045 ↗
16. Thermochemical erosion and thermophysical properties of phenolic resin/carbon fiber/graphite nanocomposites10.1177/0731684416669600 ↗
17. 17 - thermal protection systems
18. Chapter 7 - applications
19. Modelling of carbon–carbon composite ablation in rocket nozzles10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.04.002 ↗
20. Processing and characterization of ablative composites used in rocket motors10.1177/0731684414536072 ↗
21. Development of an ablative insulation material for ramjet applications10.2514/1.9775 ↗
22. Study of several organic resin coatings as anti-ablation coatings for supersonic craft control actuator10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.020 ↗
23. J. Koo, H. Stretz, A. Bray, J. Weispfenning, Z. Luo, R. Blanski, Nanostructured materials for rocket propulsion system: recent progress, in: 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, p. 1769..
24. Design and performance of an improved trapped vortex combustor10.1016/S1000-9361(11)60456-1 ↗
25. Cmc integration and demonstration for gas turbine engines (cinders)10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2003.11.019 ↗
26. Carbon/phenolic nanocomposites as advanced thermal protection material in aerospace applications10.1155/2013/403656 ↗
27. Ablation of the carbon/carbon composite nozzle-throats in a small solid rocket motor10.1016/j.carbon.2010.11.037 ↗
28. Advances in ablative composites of carbon based materials: a review10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04625 ↗
29. Ratna · 2007 · vol. 16
30. Hybrid carbon-carbon ablative composites for thermal protection in aerospace10.1155/2014/825607 ↗
31. Modeling on temperature-dependent first matrix cracking stress for fiber reinforced ceramics considering fiber debonding and residual thermal stress10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.08.254 ↗
32. The solid particle erosion behavior of carbon/carbon and carbon/phenolic composite used in re-entry vehicles10.1080/10402000903097411 ↗
33. 6.03 - applications of carbon/carbon composites
34. Novel designs of charring composites based on pore structure control and evaluation of their thermal protection performance10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.09.094 ↗
35. Effects of carbon nanotubes and carbon fiber reinforcements on thermal conductivity and ablation properties of carbon/phenolic composites10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.06.022 ↗
36. Thermal shock performance of carbon-bonded carbon fiber composite and ceramic matrix composite joints for thermal protection re-entry applications10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.12.020 ↗
37. Novel phenolic impregnated 3-d fine-woven pierced carbon fabric composites: microstructure and ablation behavior10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.12.001 ↗
38. Experimental investigation of ablation and pyrolysis processes of carbon-phenolic ablators in atmospheric entry plasmas10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.04.072 ↗
39. Ablation, mechanical and thermal conductivity properties of vapor grown carbon fiber/phenolic matrix composites10.1016/S1359-835X(01)00092-6 ↗
40. Numerical and experimental investigation of unidirectional vortex injection in hybrid rocket engines10.2514/1.B34506 ↗
41. Enhanced thermal resistance of go/c/phenolic nanocomposite by introducing zrb2 nanoparticles10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.01.011 ↗
42. Ablation behavior of boron-modified phenolic resin irradiated by high-energy continuous-wave laser and its evolution of carbon structure10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107954 ↗
43. Processing, structure, and properties of carbon fibers10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.10.018 ↗
44. Ablation and thermo-mechanical investigation of short carbon fiber impregnated elastomeric ablatives for ultrahigh temperature applications10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.08.032 ↗
45. Mechanisms of the pyrolysis of phenolic resin in a carbon/phenolic composite10.1016/0008-6223(95)00092-R ↗
46. Carbon–phenolic ablative materials for re-entry space vehicles: manufacturing and properties10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.06.010 ↗
47. Thermal and ablative properties of low temperature carbon fiber–phenol formaldehyde resin composites10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00063-5 ↗
48. Microstructural interpretation of the effect of various matrices on the ablation properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced composites10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00212-8 ↗
49. Novel hybrid ablative composites of resorcinol formaldehyde as thermal protection systems for re-entry vehicles10.1039/C4RA03316G ↗
50. Cost-effective, low density, carbon soot doped resorcinol formaldehyde composite for ablative applications10.1039/C5RA01839K ↗
51. Preparation and characterization of poly (3-octylthiophene)/carbon fiber thermoelectric composite materials10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.007 ↗
52. Thermal insulation by heat resistant polymers for solid rocket motor insulation10.1177/0021998311418850 ↗
53. Richter · 1995
54. Thermal and mechanical properties of phenolic-based composites reinforced by carbon fibres and multiwall carbon nanotubes10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.01.015 ↗
55. Effect of sizing on carbon fiber surface properties and fibers/epoxy interfacial adhesion10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.03.047 ↗
56. Oxidation and ablation of 3d carbon-carbon composite at up to 3000 c10.1016/0008-6223(94)00172-V ↗
57. Miscibility, morphology, and thermal properties of hyperbranched polyborates modified phenolic resins10.1002/polb.21530 ↗
58. Novel phenolic resins with improved mechanical and toughness properties10.1002/app.34719 ↗
59. A novel fiber-reinforced polyethylene composite with added silicon nitride particles for enhanced thermal conductivity10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.04.005 ↗
60. Strengthening and thermal stabilization of polyurethane nanocomposites with silicon carbide nanoparticles by a surface-initiated-polymerization approach10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.05.031 ↗
61. Morphology and microstructure of 2.5 dimension c/sic composites ablated by oxyacetylene torch10.1016/j.ceramint.2008.06.008 ↗
62. The effect of structure on thermal stability and anti-oxidation mechanism of silicone modified phenolic resin10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.12.010 ↗
63. The thermal stability and pyrolysis mechanism of boron-containing phenolic resins: the effect of phenyl borates on the char formation10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.01.062 ↗
64. Ablative and mechanical evaluation of cnt/phenolic composites by thermal and microstructural analyses10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.042 ↗
65. Pyrolysis behaviour of silicone-based ceramifying composites10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.047 ↗
66. Ceramic composite materials obtained by electron-beam physical vapor deposition used as thermal barriers in the aerospace industry10.3390/nano10020370 ↗
67. Synthesis and thermal characterization of phenolic resin/silica nanocomposites prepared with high shear rate-mixing technique10.1002/app.33494 ↗
68. The effect of zirconium carbide on ablation of carbon/carbon composites under an oxyacetylene flame10.1016/j.corsci.2010.09.028 ↗
69. Ablative properties of carbon black and mwnt/phenolic composites: a comparative study10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.10.006 ↗
70. Carbon nanotubes as structural material and their application in composites10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.05.011 ↗
71. Surface functionalization and structure characterizations of nanodiamond and its epoxy based nanocomposites10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.04.012 ↗
72. Ajayan · 2006
73. Thermal-diffusivity measurement of 3d-stitched c–sic composites10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.06.028 ↗
74. A nanostructured ablative bulk molding compound: development and characterization10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.04.022 ↗
75. Recent developments concerning the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymers10.1002/marc.200900514 ↗
76. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced nylon 6 composites10.1016/j.polymer.2006.04.020 ↗
77. Mwcnt reinforced polyamide-6, 6 films: preparation, characterization and properties10.1007/s10853-006-0011-1 ↗
78. Mechanical performance of epoxy matrix hybrid nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes and nanodiamonds10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.059 ↗
79. Microstructure and ablation behavior of an affordable and reliable nanostructured phenolic impregnated carbon ablator (pica)10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.05.017 ↗
80. Carbon nanotube composites for thermal management10.1063/1.1469696 ↗
81. Mechanical behavior of phenolic-based composites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes10.1016/j.carbon.2005.07.005 ↗
82. Enhancement of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/phenolic composites using a carbon nanotube network as the reinforcement10.1016/j.carbon.2004.06.002 ↗
83. A review of strategies for improving the degradation properties of laminated continuous-fiber/epoxy composites with carbon-based nanoreinforcements10.1016/j.carbon.2012.01.059 ↗
84. Interfacial properties and self-sensing of single carbon fiber reinforced cnt-phenolic nanocomposites using electro-micromechanical and wettability tests10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.08.035 ↗
85. Mechanical characterization and impact damage assessment of a woven carbon fiber reinforced carbon nanotube–epoxy composite10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.12.005 ↗
86. Effect of the addition of carbon black and carbon nanotubes on the structure and oxidation resistance of pyrolysed phenolic carbons10.1016/S1872-5805(12)60018-3 ↗
87. The effect of nanotube alignment on stress graphitization of carbon/carbon nanotube composites10.1016/j.carbon.2008.11.046 ↗
88. Formation of graphitic rods in carbon/carbon composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes10.1016/j.carbon.2012.10.010 ↗
89. Improvement of ablation resistance of phenolic composites reinforced with low concentrations of carbon nanotubes10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.10.016 ↗
90. Development of carbon/carbon composites by co-carbonization of phenolic resin and oxidised pan fibers10.1016/0008-6223(95)00201-4 ↗
91. Enhanced thermal conductivity of carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites by the introduction of carbon nanotubes
92. Subhani · 2012
93. Evaluation and identification of electrical and thermal conduction mechanisms in carbon nanotube/epoxy composites10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.029 ↗
94. Synthesis of functionalized carbon nanotubes/phenolic nanocomposites and its electrical and thermal conductivity measurements10.1143/JJAP.48.06FF10 ↗
95. Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and their polymer nanocomposites: a review10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.11.004 ↗
96. Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of various types of pre-treatments of carbon nanotubes on the properties of polymer/carbon nanotubes composites: a critical review10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.044 ↗
97. Carbon nanotube–polymer composites: chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.09.003 ↗
98. Toward improved mechanical performance of multiscale carbon fiber and carbon nanotube epoxy composites10.1002/pc.23719 ↗
99. Preparation, mechanical, thermal and ablative properties of lightweight needled carbon fibre felt/phenolic resin aerogel composite with a bird's nest structure10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.12.031 ↗
100. Science and technology of polymeric ablative materials for thermal protection systems and propulsion devices: a review10.1016/j.pmatsci.2016.08.003 ↗