Synthesis of Ti2AlC & Ti3AlC2 MAX phases by Arc-PVD using Ti–Al target in C2H2/Ar gas mixture and subsequent annealing
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract MAX phases are appropriate protective coatings due to their unique properties such as excellent corrosion resistance. In this study, Ti–Al–C coatings with different percentages of Ti, Al and C were deposited on stainless steel and quartz glass substrates by Arc-PVD using two different Ti–Al alloy targets with (1:1) and (1:2) atomic ratios in C2H2/Ar atmosphere with various ratios (1/10, 1/4, 1/2). Then, the coated substrates were annealed in a vacuum furnace at different temperatures between 600 and 1000 °C. The results of XRD analysis indicated that Ti2AlC MAX phase is generated from 1Ti–2Al target, while Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 MAX phases are produced from 1Ti–1Al target by annealing at temperatures above 800 °C. Based on the results of this study, the best C2H2/Ar ratio in the Arc-PVD atmosphere for the synthesis of MAX phases was 1/4. Raman spectroscopy and XPS confirmed the presence of the MAX phases in the coatings. EDS analysis showed that the overall compositions occur within the regions in the ternary phase diagram in which the MAX phases are stable.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: MXene and MAX Phase Materials · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (51)
Show source-provided references
1. Barsoum · 1997 · 36
2. The MN+ 1 AXN phases: a new class of solids: thermodynamically stable nanolaminates10.1016/S0079-6786(00)00006-6 ↗
3. The MAX Phases: unique New Carbide and Nitride Materials Ternary ceramics turn out to be surprisingly soft and machinable, yet also heat-tolerant, strong and lightweight
4. The Mn+ 1AXn phases: materials science and thin-film processing10.1016/j.tsf.2009.07.184 ↗
5. Ceramic nanolaminates—processing and application10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.09.033 ↗
6. A critical review of the oxidation of Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2 and Cr2AlC in air10.1080/21663831.2013.806364 ↗
7. Bonding and oxidation protection of Ti2AlC and Cr2AlC for a Ni-based superalloy10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.10.019 ↗
8. Electrical and thermal properties of Ti3AlC2 at high temperature
9. Synthesis and characterization of Ti3AlC210.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01281.x ↗
10. Brinley · 2012
11. Interfacial reactions of a MAX phase/superalloy hybrid10.1002/sia.5784 ↗
12. Smialek · 2014
13. Magnetron sputtered epitaxial single-phase Ti3SiC2 thin films10.1063/1.1494865 ↗
14. Emmerlich · 2006 · 2648
15. Effect of the composition on the structure of Cr‐Al‐C investigated by combinatorial thin film synthesis and ab initio calculations10.1002/adem.200400096 ↗
16. Synthesis and characterization of Nb2AlC thin films10.1016/j.tsf.2008.12.047 ↗
17. Towards large area deposition of Cr2AlC on steel10.1016/j.tsf.2005.12.219 ↗
18. Epitaxial Ti2AlN (0001) thin film deposition by dual-target reactive magnetron sputtering10.1016/j.actamat.2007.04.006 ↗
19. Low-temperature growth of epitaxial Ti2AlC MAX phase thin films by low-rate layer-by-layer PVD10.1080/21663831.2019.1594428 ↗
20. Deposition and characterization of ternary thin films within the Ti–Al–C system by DC magnetron sputtering10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.03.008 ↗
21. Synthesis and characterization of Ti2AlC coatings by magnetron sputtering from three elemental targets and ex-situ annealing10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.11.090 ↗
22. Garkas · 2010 · 208
23. Towards large area MAX phase coatings on steel10.1002/srin.200506000 ↗
24. Preparation of Ti2AlC MAX phase coating by DC magnetron sputtering deposition and vacuum heat treatment10.1016/j.jmst.2015.10.014 ↗
25. Review of cathodic arc deposition technology at the start of the new millennium10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00879-3 ↗
26. Anders · 2009
27. Cathodic arc deposition technology10.1016/0257-8972(86)90001-0 ↗
28. Deposition of epitaxial Ti2AlC thin films by pulsed cathodic arc10.1063/1.2709571 ↗
29. Cathodic arc co-deposition of highly oriented hexagonal Ti and Ti2AlC MAX phase thin films10.1016/j.tsf.2010.09.007 ↗
30. Preparation of Ti2AlC MAX phase coating by DC magnetron sputtering deposition and vacuum heat treatment10.1016/j.jmst.2015.10.014 ↗
31. Layered machinable and electrically conductive Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 ceramics: a review10.1016/S1005-0302(10)60064-3 ↗
32. Summary of constitutional data on the aluminum-carbon-titanium system10.1007/BF02647559 ↗
33. Thermodynamic description of the Al–C–Ti system10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.10.119 ↗
34. Single-crystal Ti2AlN thin films10.1063/1.1882752 ↗
35. Improving the Na2SO4-induced corrosion resistance of Ti3AlC2 by pre-oxidation in air10.1016/j.corsci.2005.11.005 ↗
36. First‐order Raman scattering of the MAX phases: Ti2AlN, Ti2AlC0.5N0.5, Ti2AlC,(Ti0.5V0.5) 2AlC, V2AlC, Ti3AlC2, and Ti3GeC210.1002/jrs.3036 ↗
37. Investigation of Ti2AlC formation mechanism through carbon and TiAl diffusional reaction10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.10.039 ↗
38. Raman active phonon modes and heat capacities of Ti2AlC and Cr2Al C ceramics: first-principles and experimental investigations
39. Highly Al-doped TiO2 nanoparticles produced by Ball Mill Method: structural and electronic characterization10.1016/j.materresbull.2015.06.008 ↗
40. On the topotactic transformation of Ti2AlC into a Ti–C–O–F cubic phase by heating in molten lithium fluoride in air10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04896.x ↗
41. Transparent conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide epitaxial thin films10.1021/cm500641a ↗
42. Electronic structure and chemical bonding in Ti2AlC investigated by soft x-ray emission spectroscopy
43. Crystal-chemistry of the Ti3AlC2 and Ti4AlN3 layered carbide/nitride phases—characterization by XPS10.1016/S0022-3697(00)00268-7 ↗
44. Frodelius · 2010
45. Cold spraying of Ti2AlC MAX-phase coatings10.1007/s11666-012-9843-1 ↗
46. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the electronic structure of polycrystalline Ti1-xAlxN thin films with 0≤ x≤ 0.9610.1116/11.20140506 ↗
47. XPS and IR study of X-ray induced degradation of PVA polymer film10.1016/0169-4332(88)90053-0 ↗
48. Damage accumulation and hysteretic behavior of MAX phase materials10.1016/j.jmps.2011.03.012 ↗
49. Oxygen incorporation in Ti2AlC thin films10.1063/1.2838456 ↗
50. Phase stability of Ti2AlC upon oxygen incorporation: a first-principles investigation10.1103/PhysRevB.81.024111 ↗
51. Presence of oxygen in Ti–Al–C MAX phases-based materials and their stability in oxidizing environment at elevated temperatures