Fuel-cell-grade hydrogen production via sorption-enhanced aqueous-phase reforming of methanol over Pt on vacancy-rich 2D-MoS2

The decarbonization of the transportation sector has renewed interest in hydrogen as a zero-emission energy carrier; however, its use in vehicles remains limited by storage and distribution challenges. Here, we propose methanol as a liquid-phase hydrogen carrier and introduce a sorption-enhanced aqueous-phase reforming of methanol (SE-APRM) process for the on-demand production of high-purity hydrogen. We develop a Pt/2D-MoS 2 catalyst with abundant sulfur vacancies, coupled with an alkali absorbent to achieve a hydrogen production rate of 139.3 μmol g −1 s −1 at 250°C. Crucially, the produced hydrogen exceeds 99.9% purity with CO concentrations below the detection limit, making it immediately suitable for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells without further purification. This system efficiency remains above 40% from 200 to 400 kW, outperforming conventional internal combustion engines on gasoline or methanol. This work establishes SE-APRM as an efficient and scalable strategy for safe, high-capacity hydrogen delivery, enabling practical hydrogen-powered transportation.