journal article·2026-07Open access

Experimental study on moisture susceptibility of plant-mixed hot-recycled asphalt mixtures

Liang Song, Zhenxin Ouyang, Zihao Dan, Chong Gao, Yuquan Yao, Jie Gao

Abstract

Under the coupled effects of climate and traffic loading, resistance to moisture damage is an important controlling factor affecting the in-service performance of recycled asphalt mixtures. This study examines plant-mixed hot recycled asphalt mixtures (RHAM) and seeks to reduce moisture susceptibility by optimizing mixing parameters and material proportions. We evaluated the effects of mixing duration, mixing temperature, and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) preheating temperature, together with binder content and RAP content, using freeze–thaw splitting and Moisture-induced stress tester (MIST), and used range analysis to quantify and rank factor effects. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) characterized binder blending at 60 s, 120 s, and 180 s, with multiscale support from Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Extending mixing duration, increasing mixing and RAP preheating temperatures, increasing binder content, and decreasing RAP content reduced moisture susceptibility. The range analysis shows that mixing duration has the most significant impact on moisture susceptibility, followed by RAP content. FTIR showed blending increased from 30.5% at 60 s to 81.6% at 120 s, and reached 83.6% at 180 s, indicating diminishing returns. Together, these observations indicate that adjusting process and material variables reduces moisture susceptibility primarily by increasing blending between virgin and aged binders, providing a basis for parameter selection and mixture design.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation · Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring · Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (40)

Show source-provided references
1. Performance evaluation of hybrid hot-mix asphalt toward balanced mix design10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-19658 ↗
2. Optimizing coconut fiber-modified hot mix asphalt for enhanced mechanical performance using response surface methodology
3. RAP agglomeration and partial blending of recycled hot mix asphalt: a literature review10.1016/j.jreng.2024.12.006 ↗
4. A critical overview of using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in road pavement construction10.3390/infrastructures9080128 ↗
5. Tailored enhancement of reclaimed asphalt pavement with waste engine oil/vacuum residue blend as rejuvenating agent10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133936 ↗
6. A comprehensive review of hot in-place recycling technology: classification, factors affecting performance of asphalt mixtures, and benefits analysis10.3390/coatings15070794 ↗
7. Review of mix design method of hot in-plant recycled asphalt mixture
8. Moisture damage mechanism of asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement binder: a novel molecular dynamics study10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143711 ↗
9. Evaluation of degree of blending and interaction between aged and virgin asphalt binders using rheological and fracture measurements
10. Effect of two-phase mixing on moisture susceptibility of hot mix asphalt mixtures10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135275 ↗
11. Impact of laboratory mixing procedure on reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures performance10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120709 ↗
12. Influence of time–temperature coupling in post-production stage on water stability of RHAM
13. Influence of blending degree between old and new asphalt on moisture stability of RAP-recycled asphalt mixtures
14. Effect of chemical warm-mix additive on the properties and mechanical performance of recycled asphalt mixtures10.3390/buildings12070874 ↗
15. Y. Fan, Study of factors influencing the moisture susceptibility of warm-mix asphalt using the surface free energy approach10.3390/polym15132798 ↗
16. Long-term performance of recycled asphalt mixtures containing high RAP and RAS10.1016/j.jreng.2024.01.003 ↗
17. Prediction of moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures containing RAP materials using machine learning algorithms10.1080/10298436.2024.2431610 ↗
18. Review on warm-mix asphalt technology
19. Durability performance of warm-mix recycled asphalt mixtures
20. Effect of increasing preheating temperature on the improvement of RAP binder activation
21. Influence of RAP preheating temperature on performance of recycled asphalt mixtures10.1520/JTE20150157 ↗
22. Volumetric property of water-foamed warm-mix asphalt mixture based on orthogonal experiment
23. Investigation of AASHTO T 283 to predict the stripping performance of pavements in Colorado
24. Effect of RAP content on performance of warm-mix recycled asphalt mixtures
25. Mix design and performance verification of modified recycled asphalt mixtures
26. Laboratory and field evaluation of plant-produced asphalt mixtures containing RAP in hot climate10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128322 ↗
27. Investigation on the effects of RAP proportions on performance of asphalt mixtures
28. Improved comprehensive adhesion performance of aggregate–recycled asphalt interface via incorporating steel slag10.1016/j.molliq.2024.124958 ↗
29. JTG E20 · 2011
30. JTG F40 · 2004
31. Comparative study on the damage characteristics of asphalt mixtures reinforced with an eco-friendly basalt fiber under freeze–thaw cycles10.3390/ma11122488 ↗
32. Migration behavior of reclaimed asphalt pavement mastic during hot mixing10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134123 ↗
33. Blending behavior of reclaimed asphalt and virgin asphalt in recycled asphalt mixtures: a comprehensive analysis on material composition and mixing process10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140229 ↗
34. Review of asphalt and asphalt mixture aging and anti-aging studies
35. Field implementation of handheld FTIR spectrometer for polymer content determination and for quality control of RAP mixtures
36. Effect of warm-mix additive on asphalt fracture and aging performance
37. Evaluation of aging impact on rheological and chemical properties of crumb rubber-modified warm-mix asphalt binders
38. A blending efficiency model for virgin and aged binders in recycled asphalt mixtures based on blending temperature and duration10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104957 ↗
39. Development of blending model for RAP and virgin asphalt in recycled asphalt mixtures via a micron-Fe₃O₄ tracer10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135407 ↗
40. Blending efficiency of reclaimed asphalt rubber pavement mixture and its correlation with cracking resistance10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106506 ↗