journal article·2026-07Open access

Preparation and performance evaluation of aluminum sulfate-based alkali-free suspension accelerators for shotcrete

Shuncheng Xiang, Yutao Zou, Jie Chen, Xin Yang, Yingli Gao, Yuelin Li, Jing Zhang, Zhen Jiang, Zheng Len, Yanqi He, Yang Liu, Jingping Zhang, Jing Zhang

Abstract

An aluminum sulfate-based alkali-free suspension rapid-setting agent (AF-LX-FSA) was formulated, which exhibited optimal performance at a dosage of 8% by mass of cementitious materials. At the optimal dosage, the agent achieved a flowability of 135 mm, remarkably short initial and final setting times of 2.86 min and 4.67 min, and high compressive strengths of 1.06 MPa, 13.2 MPa, and 49 MPa at 6 h, 1 d, and 28 d, respectively, all conforming to the Chinese national standard GB/T 35159-2017. The acceleration mechanism and microstructural evolution were systematically investigated via XRD, TG-DTG, and SEM, revealing that the rapid setting and early strength development were primarily attributed to the rapid formation of a dense network of ettringite (AFt) crystals. The insights into the acceleration mechanism and microstructure provide a valuable theoretical basis for the development of high-performance suspension alkali-free accelerators.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Concrete Properties and Behavior · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials

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