A robust citric acid–protein composite retarder for building gypsum: in situ synthesis, performance and mechanism
Source abstract
Abstract
Beyond ambient temperature physical blending, study on developing alternative synthesis methods for composite gypsum retarders remains limited. In this paper, a robust citric acid-protein composite (CAPC) building gypsum retarder was synthesized via in situ hydrothermal method using citric acid and leather protein as raw materials. The effects of the CAPC retarder on the setting time, strength, and water resistance of building gypsum were systematically evaluated, and its retarding mechanism was investigated using XRD, TG, ICP, and XPS. The retarding and strength impact of CAPC retarder on the building gypsum depended on the mass ratio of citric acid to leather protein used during synthesis process, with an optimal mass ratio of 0.25. No new compound formed between leather protein and citric acid during high-temperature hydrothermal processing. The leather protein hydrolyzed to citric acid hydrolyzed protein (CAHP) with lower molecular weight, thereby enhancing the retarding effect of CAPC. At an optimal CAPC dosage (0.1 wt.%), the initial setting time was 8.14 times that of the building gypsum, whereas the 3-day compressive and flexural strengths decreased by only 15% and 16%, respectively, while maintaining good water resistance. Citric acid and CAHP in CAPC retarder affected the formation and growth of dihydrate gypsum crystal nucleus through the formation of calcium citrate and calcium-based complexes, leading to the prolongation of the hydration induction period of the building gypsum. This study provides theoretical guidance for the development of high-performance composite gypsum retarder.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition · Microbial Applications in Construction Materials · Polymer composites and self-healing
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
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