journal article·2025-12Open access

Study on the influence of load direction on the breakage strength of calcareous sand particles with different shapes

Bingnan Xie, Shunkai Liu, Sichun Yu, Hongwei Yang, Mohammed Ashiru, Ali Shamshad, Zongtang Zhang

Abstract

The loading direction has significant effects on the breakage strength of calcareous sand particles with different shapes. However, the quantitative relationship between these two quantities remains unclear. First, the shape parameters of the calcareous sand particles were calculated using the results obtained from three-dimensional scanning. Then, uniaxial compression tests were conducted to obtain the breakage strength of the calcareous sand. Finally, the influence of the loading direction on the breakage strength of particles with different shapes was determined. The results indicate that, within the same range of shape parameters, the breakage strength of particles subjected to horizontal loading was significantly higher than that under vertical loading. Under the same loading direction, flatness ( FI ) showed negligible influence on breakage strength, while under horizontal loading conditions, the breakage strength decreased with increasing sphericity ( SP ) or decreasing aspect ratio ( AR ). In contrast, under vertical loading, the breakage strength increases as SP increases or the AR decreases. The trend observed in breakage energy aligns with the trend of breakage strength. The breakage strength of calcareous sand follows a Weibull distribution, with the Weibull modulus ( m ) of the breakage strength generally ranging between 0.71 and 1.87. These findings provide valuable insights for related theoretical research, engineering practices, and numerical simulations.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics · Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization · Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (44)

Show source-provided references
1. Quantification of particle crushing in consideration of grading evolution of granular soils in biaxial shearing: a probability-based model10.1002/nag.2752 ↗
2. Particle breakage in construction materials: a geotechnical perspective
3. Influence of particle breakage on drained shear strength of calcareous sands
4. Effect of particle breakage on the shear strength of calcareous sands
5. Ueng · Energy Asp. Part. Break. drained Shear sands · 2000 · 50 · 65
6. Simulation of effects of particle breakage on sliding surface friction for a hypothetical soil continuum moving on an inclined plane10.1007/s10346-020-01404-8 ↗
7. Effect of particle breakage-induced frictional weakening on the dynamics of landslides
8. Single-particle crushing behaviour of carbonate sands studied by X-ray microtomography and a combined finite–discrete element method10.1007/s11440-022-01469-w ↗
9. An investigation of the breakage behaviour of a pre-crushed carbonate sand under shear using X-ray micro-tomography
10. A multiphase micromechanical model for hybrid fiber reinforced concrete considering the aggregate and ITZ effects10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.008 ↗
11. Effect of chloride attack on the bonded concrete system repaired by UHPC10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121971 ↗
12. Modeling the particle breakage of rockfill materials with the cohesive crack model
13. DEM analysis of granular crushing during simple shearing
14. Discrete element simulation of effects of multicontact loading on single particle crushing
15. Three-Dimensional discrete element analysis of crushing characteristics of calcareous sand particles
16. Effect of particle size distribution on dynamic properties of cemented coral sand under SHPB impact loading
17. Study on the interaction between particle shape and particle breakage of coral sand by discrete element method
18. Multiscale simulation study for mechanical characteristics of coral sand influenced by particle breakage
19. Study on the particle breakage of ballast based on a GPU accelerated discrete element method10.1016/j.gsf.2019.06.006 ↗
20. DEM study on the microscale and macroscale shear behaviours of granular materials with breakable and irregularly shaped particles
21. Effects of water saturation and salinity on particle crushing of single coral sand
22. Single-Particle crushing test of coated calcareous sand based on MICP10.3390/ma17194690 ↗
23. Investigation of morphological effects on crushing characteristics of calcareous sand particle by 3D image analysis with spherical harmonics
24. A coupled FEM-DEM study on mechanical behaviors of granular soils considering particle breakage
25. DEM simulation of the shear behaviour of breakable granular materials with various angularities10.1016/j.apt.2021.09.009 ↗
26. DEM exploration of the effect of particle shape on particle breakage in granular assemblies
27. Failure of rocks under tensile conditions10.1016/0148-9062(67)90046-0 ↗
28. Cumulative deformations and particle breakage in calcareous sand subjected to drained high-cyclic loading: experimental investigation
29. Investigating the hydro-mechanical properties of calcareous sand foundations using distributed fiber optic sensing
30. Geotechnical characterization of the calcareous sand in Northern coast of Egypt10.1016/j.asej.2018.03.008 ↗
31. Fractal characteristics of the seepage erosion process in porous soil
32. Discrete element modeling of crushable sands considering realistic particle shape effect
33. 3D DEM analysis of particle breakage effect on direct shear tests of coarse sand
34. Suffusion behavior of crushed calcareous sand under reversed cyclic hydraulic conditions
35. Effect of local non-convexity on the critical shear strength of granular materials determined via the discrete element method
36. Particle shape: a review and new methods of characterization and classification
37. Particle shape analysis of calcareous sand based on digital images
38. Comparison of 2D optical imaging and 3D microtomography shape measurements of a coastal bioclastic calcareous sand10.3390/jimaging8030072 ↗
39. Granulometry of two marine calcareous sands
40. Size effect on the compression breakage strengths of glass particles
41. A statistical distribution function of wide applicability10.1115/1.4010337 ↗
42. Investigating the effects of elongation and flatness on the shear behaviour of breakable granular materials via the DEM10.1007/s10035-022-01237-3 ↗
43. Coupling effects of morphology and inner pore distribution on the mechanical response of calcareous sand particles10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.09.017 ↗
44. The application of weibull statistics to the fracture of soil particles10.3208/sandf.40.5_133 ↗