journal article·2024-12Open access

Experimental research on the post-fire semi-rigid behavior of the glulam bolted joints with slotted-in steel plates

Weibin Ni, Xuan Wang, Ronghui Zhang, Yongwang Zhang, Qiuyue Wu, Yanyan Sun, Lu Wang

Abstract

This paper conducted series fire tests without load for glulam bolted joints with slotted-in steel plates, where the effects of fire exposure time, fire-retardant coating, fire exposure side and connecting steel bolts number for specimens were considered. Meanwhile, after fire tests, post-fire-performance (PFP) tests were conducted to explore and compare the residual load-carrying capacity and post-fire semi-rigid behavior of the glulam bolted joints with slotted-in steel plates. As a benchmark and comparison, two specimens were also conducted for bending tests without fire exposure. The test results showed that the steel inside the joints including steel box, slotted-in steel plate and steel bolts had a significant effect on the internal temperature distributions and the charring of outer timber. Moreover, the post-fire strength and ductility of the tested specimens decreased with the increase of the fire exposure time, while painting with fire-retardant coating, reducing fire exposure sides and increasing connecting steel bolts for specimens could appropriately increase their residual bending resistance and ductility deformation capacity. Finally, considering the different residual sections for timber after charring under different fire exposure times, a semi-rigid numerical model for the prediction of moment-rotation of the joints after fire exposure was established for the glulam bolted joints with slotted-in steel plates, and the numerical results demonstrated that the predicted moment-rotation curves were in good agreement with the tested curves. The test results could provide a reference for the performance-based fire protection design for timber structures.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Structural Load-Bearing Analysis · Wood Treatment and Properties · Fire effects on concrete materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (53)

Show source-provided references
1. Self-centering mass timber structures: a review on recent research progress
2. Proposing new adhesive-free timber edge connections for cross-laminated timber panels: a step toward sustainable construction
3. Experimental and numerical study on the validity of the energy-based time equivalent method for evaluating the fire resistance of timber components exposed to travelling fires
4. Numerical modelling of the fire resistance of double sheared steel-to-timber connections
5. Energy-based time equivalent method for evaluating the fire resistance of timber–concrete composite structures exposed to travelling fires
6. Experimental study and theoretical analysis of fire resistance properties of prestressed glued laminated timber beams10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135967 ↗
7. Review of experimental data for timber connections with dowel-type fasteners under standard fire exposure
8. Proposal for a new formula to predict the fire resistance of timber connections
9. Numerical investigations on the thermo-mechanical behaviour of steel-to-timber connections exposed to fire10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.08.021 ↗
10. A. Buchanan, B. Östman, Fire safe use of wood in buildings: Global design guide. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003190318.10.1201/9781003190318 ↗
11. Fire performance of bolted connections in laminated veneer lumber10.1002/fam.999 ↗
12. Load-bearing capacity of nailed joints exposed to fire10.1002/(SICI)1099-1018(199605)20:3<133::AID-FAM565>3.0.CO;2-3 ↗
13. A state-of-the-art review of carpentry connections: from traditional designs to emerging trends in wood-wood structural joints
14. Fire performance of timber connections, Part 1: fire resistance tests on bolted wood-steel-wood and steel-wood-steel connections10.1260/2040-2317.3.2.107 ↗
15. Mechanical properties of bolted steel laminated flattened-bamboo lumber connections under cyclic loading10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131511 ↗
16. Experimental investigation and calculation method for the bearing capability of bolt steel-to-laminated bamboo connections under the coupling of bending moment and shear force
17. Bolted joints for small and medium reticulated timber domes: experimental study, numerical simulation, and design strength estimation10.1007/s43452-020-00073-7 ↗
18. Rotational stiffness and bending strength of steel connections in timber lattice shell10.3130/aijs.83.577 ↗
19. Design and construction of the pods sports academy, Scunthorpe, England
20. Pull-out behaviour of axially loaded basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) rods bonded perpendicular to the grain of glulam elements10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.014 ↗
21. Pull-out strength and bond behaviour of axially loaded rebar glued-in glulam10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.008 ↗
22. Load-slip behaviour of glue laminated timber connections with glued-in steel rod parallel to grain10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117028 ↗
23. Rotational behavior of bolted post-to-beam glulam connections with friction damped knee brace
24. Modelling of moment transmitting beam-to-column timber connections accounting for frictional transmission10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113122 ↗
25. On the design of timber bolt connections subjected to fire
26. Behavior of bolted timber joints subjected to high temperatures10.1007/s00107-011-0539-x ↗
27. Behavior of dowelled and bolted steel-to-timber connections exposed to fire10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.02.010 ↗
28. Numerical modelling of the fire resistance of double sheared steel-to-timber connections
29. Probabilistic model for determining the failure time of steel-to-timber connections with multiple dowel-type fasteners exposed to fire
30. M.R. Chenaghlou, Semi-rigidity of connection in space structure, Guildford: University of Surrey. (1997).
31. Design and cyclic testing of bolted end plate connections between steel link beams and cross-laminated timber for coupled shear walls10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129060 ↗
32. Effects of bolted connections on behaviour of timber frames under combined vertical and lateral loads10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123542 ↗
33. Shape optimization of braced frames for tall timber buildings: Influence of semi-rigid connections on design and optimization process10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110692 ↗
34. Hollow steel dowels-a new application in semi-rigid timber connections10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00027-4 ↗
35. Experimental study on multiple-bolt steel-to-timber tension joints10.1007/BF02486609 ↗
36. Mechanical performance of single-layer reticulated glulam shells with semi-rigid prefabricated planted-bar joints
37. Thermo-mechanical behavior of Glulam beam-to-girder assemblies with steel doweled connections before, during and after fire10.1108/JSFE-04-2021-0018 ↗
38. M. Shabanian, Thermo-mechanical performance of doweled connections in tall timber buildings, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte. (2020).
39. Experimental study and finite element analysis on residual carrying capacity of CLT wall-floor angle bracket connections after fire10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127113 ↗
40. Residual compressive load-carrying capacity of cross-laminated timber walls after exposed to one-side fire
41. Experimental and numerical analysis of residual load-carrying capacity of cross-laminated timber walls after fire10.1016/j.istruc.2020.12.086 ↗
42. GB, GB/T 50329-2012 · 2012
43. GB, GB/T 50005-2017(S) · 2017
44. GB, GB 12441-2018 · 2018
45. Experimental validation and simplified design of an energy-based time equivalent method applied to evaluate the fire resistance of the glulam exposed to parametric fire10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115051 ↗
46. Post-fire behavior of steel slag fine aggregate concrete10.1002/suco.202100677 ↗
47. Residual properties of steel slag coarse aggregate concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125751 ↗
48. Effect of fillers on the behaviour of low carbon footprint concrete at and after exposure to elevated temperatures
49. Experimental determination of the charring rate of cross-laminated timber panels10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104163 ↗
50. The critical stress in various stress levels of bending member on fire exposure for mechanical graded lumber10.1007/s10086-003-0589-8 ↗
51. Determination of yield point and ductility of timber assemblies: in search for a harmonised approach
52. CEN, EN 12512-ISO/DIS 16670 · 2001
53. Moment-rotation relations of semirigid connections with angles10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:7(1813) ↗