journal article·2025-12Open access

Application of a bio-derived graphene-based nanosheets for cement stabilized compressed earth materials

T.-B. Bui, Q.-B. Bui, M.T. Tran, M.T. Le

Abstract

In response to the global sand crisis, the use of earth as a construction material presents a promising and sustainable alternative. However, a major limitation of earth-based materials is their poor resistance to water. In regions prone to water-related damage, such as flooding, earth materials are typically stabilized with cement to enhance durability. This study investigates the application of bio-derived graphene-based nanosheets (GNS) as an additive for cement-stabilized compressed earth blocks (CEBs). The GNS liquid, synthesized from waste materials by the authors, offers a low-cost and environmentally friendly solution. Cement-stabilized compressed earth samples were prepared with 6%, 8%, and 10% cement (by mass), incorporating the GNS additive. These samples were subjected to uniaxial compression tests to evaluate mechanical performance. Microstructural and compositional analyses were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), secondary electron detection (SED), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results demonstrated that GNS addition improved compressive strength by up to 50%. This enhancement suggests that bio-derived GNS can effectively reduce the required cement content in the stabilization of CEBs, promoting more sustainable construction practices.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Hygrothermal properties of building materials · Geotechnical and construction materials studies · Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

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