Flexural behavior of kenaf textile-reinforced concrete exposed to sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) solution

This study evaluates the mechanical properties and durability of kenaf textile-reinforced concrete (KTRC) composites under both acidic and laboratory conditions, with assessments conducted at intervals of 2, 4, and 6 months. In response to the construction industry's growing demand for sustainable materials, this research explores the potential of natural fibers, such as kenaf, in developing eco-friendly building components. The study focused on key performance parameters, including first crack load, modulus of rupture, residual strength factors, total toughness, first crack toughness, and toughness indices. Findings indicated that increasing the number of kenaf textile layers, in conjunction with the incorporation of polypropylene (PP) fibers, substantially improved the ductility and strain-hardening behavior of the composites. During the initial two months of exposure to sulfuric acid, continuous cement hydration played a critical role in mitigating the corrosive effects of the acidic environment. However, after 180 days of exposure, the negative impact of the acid became more severe, leading to significant sample deterioration. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis further demonstrated the resilience of kenaf fibers within the alkaline environment of the cement matrix, while also revealing extensive degradation, including rotting and structural damage, under prolonged acidic conditions.