Comprehensive review of tile adhesives: Slip, bond strength, chemical composition, and microstructural insights

There has been limited research conducted on providing a comprehensive review of the properties of the tile adhesive material. In this study, several research studies were collected to investigate the slip (0.22–3.39 mm), the pull-off strength (0.22–3.39 MPa), slant shear (4.83–20.06 MPa), open time after 20 min (0.47–1.78), heat aging bonding strength (0.14–3.55 MPa), immersed bond strength (0–1.62 MPa). The freeze-thaw bond strength of tile adhesive material ranged from 0.14 to 2.39 MPa, while its compressive strength was also evaluated. Data from over 690 samples tested in previous research studies were collected. The slip of tile adhesive material varied between 0 and 8 mm. The chemical composition of the tile adhesive material was also investigated. The silicon dioxide ranged between 12.97 % and 22.67 %. The calcium oxide and aluminum dioxide are 59.09–74.11 % and 3.66–6.33 %, respectively. Tensile force and failure location indicate the performance of the binding material. Failure in the substrate implies that bond strength exceeds tensile strength. However, if the overlay material fails, the bond strength exceeds its resistance to pulling force. Prior studies have shown that polymers enhance the bonding power of tile adhesives, and the method of applying polymers plays a crucial role in improving the characteristics of cement-based materials. Furthermore, there is a correlation between microstructural data and physical attributes. It is observed that the adhesive strength diminishes when a newly applied paste is placed on top of a surface that has started to form a skin. The adhesive-tile contact is the ultimate determinant of the behaviour of the completely hardened substrate-adhesive-tile system.