Effects of fastener type, end distance, layer arrangement, and panel strength direction on lateral resistance of single shear lap joints in cross-laminated timber (CLT)

This research investigated the effects of the fastener type, end distance, layer arrangement, and panel strength direction on the lateral resistance of nailed and screwed single shear lap joints in CLT panels. Three-ply CLT panels were made out of poplar wood (Populus alba) with two layer arrangements: 0/90/0° and 0/45/0°. The lateral resistance of nine types of fasteners with end distances of one, two, and three centimeters in two major and minor strength directions of CLT panels was measured by Instron (model 4486) testing machine. The major axis of CLT panels with the 0/45/0° arrangement showed the highest lateral resistance; however, its minor axis showed the lowest one. Among fasteners, Lag screws (10 mm) had the highest lateral resistance, while steel nails had the weakest. In all CLT samples, by changing the fastener type, end distance, layer arrangement, and panel strength direction, the lateral resistance changed 155.8%, 72.1%, 3.3%, and 19.6%, respectively. Furthermore, changing the failure mode of the fasteners from Im to IV, and CLT members from shear to bearing mode due to the increase in the end distance enhanced lateral resistance, leading to ductile behavior. The NDS, Eurocode 5, and CSA 086 theoretical models were applied to predict the yield lateral loads of the connections. The results showed that Eurocode 5, and CSA 086 better predicted the lateral load of connections with MAPE of 33.8 and 34.24%.