Corrosion performance and sustainability of high-strength lightweight geopolymer concrete incorporating sintered fly ash aggregate as the coarse aggregate
Source abstract
Abstract
Implementing eco-friendly practices is essential to mitigate the environmental impact of the construction sector. A potential solution is to develop concrete with binders and aggregates from industrial wastes such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA), utilising geopolymer (GP) technology to reduce reliance on cement and natural aggregates. This study explores the development of high-strength lightweight geopolymer concrete (HSLWGC); for this, metakaolin (MK) incorporation with 10 and 15 % replacement levels for all alkaline content to binder ratios (AC/B) has taken place using 100 % synthetic sintered fly ash aggregates (SFA) as coarse aggregate. Incorporation of MK was employed to enhance the mechanical and corrosion performance of the developed samples. The corrosion performance of the developed HSLWGC samples was thoroughly investigated in this investigation. Experimental investigations assessed mechanical properties, corrosion performance through several tests, including the alkalinity test, surface resistivity, half-cell potential, and corrosion rate, using the Tafel plot study and the accelerated carbonation study, which is also supported by microstructural analysis (SEM). Results indicate that HSLWGC achieves significant density reduction, excellent corrosion resistance, and improved microstructure after incorporating MK in the mixes. Life cycle assessment (LCA) further confirmed its lower global warming potential and energy demand, demonstrating the material’s potential as a sustainable alternative for construction applications.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Influence of recycled concrete aggregates and Coal Bottom Ash on various properties of high volume fly ash-self compacting concrete
2. Performance of recycled concrete aggregates based self-compacting concrete containing coal combustion ashes and silica fume10.1080/19648189.2023.2293816 ↗
3. Assessment of mechanical and durability properties of composite cement-based recycled aggregate concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131620 ↗
4. Reviewing the behaviour of high volume fly ash based self compacting concrete
5. Self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete and its properties: A review10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130861 ↗
6. Influence of agricultural waste ash on the mechanical strength of alkali-activated slag recycled aggregate concrete from a microstructural perspective10.1007/s41062-024-01651-x ↗
7. A mix design procedure for fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag based treated recycled aggregate concrete
8. Evaluating corrosion resistance of recycled aggregate concrete integrating ground granulated blast furnace slag10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130676 ↗
9. The evaluation of the life cycle and corrosion properties of recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete incorporating fly ash and GGBS
10. J. Davidovits, Geopolymer. "Chemistry and applications., 2008.
11. Impact properties of geopolymer based extrudates incorporated with fly ash and PVA short fiber10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.08.006 ↗
12. Sustainable transformation of waste phosphogypsum into geopolymer concrete: Comprehensive review on strength, durability, and microstructural characteristics
13. Mix design of FA-GGBS based lightweight geopolymer concrete incorporating sintered fly ash aggregate as coarse aggregate
14. Development and prospectives of lightweight high strength concrete using lightweight aggregates10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129628 ↗
15. Utilization of industrial waste materials for the production of lightweight aggregates: a review
16. Performance evaluation and some durability characteristics of environmental friendly palm oil clinker based geopolymer concrete10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.002 ↗
17. Guidelines for mix proportioning of fly ash/GGBS based alkali activated concretes10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.036 ↗
18. Development of mix proportions of geopolymer lightweight aggregate concrete with LECA10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.271 ↗
19. Mechanical and acoustic absorption properties of lightweight fly ash/slag-based geopolymer concrete with various aggregates10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.03.244 ↗
20. Development of artificial one-part geopolymer lightweight aggregates by crushing technique10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128200 ↗
21. Production of lightweight Geopolymer concrete using artificial local lightweight aggregate10.1051/matecconf/201816202024 ↗
22. Effect of elevated temperatures on mechanical properties of lightweight geopolymer concrete
23. Geopolymer Concrete with Lightweight Fine Aggregate: Material Performance and Structural Application
24. Development of a high-strength lightweight geopolymer concrete for structural and thermal insulation applications
25. A comprehensive review on the factors influencing engineering characteristics of lightweight geopolymer concrete
26. Development of metakaolin based high strength recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131810 ↗
27. Comparative evaluation of hybrid machine learning models for predicting the strength of metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete enhanced with Gaussian noise augmentation
28. Structural concrete using sintered flyash lightweight aggregate: A review10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.005 ↗
29. N. Berke, Environmental degradation of reinforced concrete, Handb. Environ. Degrad. Mater. Third Ed. (2018) 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-52472-8.00012-5.10.1016/B978-0-323-52472-8.00012-5 ↗
30. Predicting long-term corrosion of metal alloys in physical infrastructure10.1038/s41529-018-0066-x ↗
31. Monitoring invisible corrosion in concrete using a combination of wave propagation techniques10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.03.014 ↗
32. Experimental monitoring of chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion and chloride contamination in concrete with ground-penetrating radar10.1080/15732479.2013.879321 ↗
33. Long Term Corrosion Experiment of Steel Rebar in Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete in NaCl Solution
34. Chloride ingress and steel corrosion in geopolymer concrete based on long term tests10.1016/j.matdes.2016.12.030 ↗
35. Durability of Fly Ash–Based Geopolymer Structural Concrete in the Marine Environment10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000632 ↗
36. Identification of acid attack on concrete of a sewage system10.1617/s11527-011-9769-y ↗
37. Resistance of geopolymer materials to acid attack10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.005 ↗
38. Sulfuric acid resistance of blended ash geopolymer concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.01.018 ↗
39. Resistance of alkali-activated slag concrete to carbonation10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00574-9 ↗
40. Carbonation resistance of fly ash and blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.127 ↗
41. Gel nanostructure in alkali-activated binders based on slag and fly ash, and effects of accelerated carbonation10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.06.007 ↗
42. Influence of fly ash on the water and chloride permeability of alkali-activated slag mortars and concretes10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.106 ↗
43. Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion in lightweight aggregate high-strength fly ash concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.07.003 ↗
44. Statements · 1995 · 2019 · 4
45. Effect of Fly Ash, GGBS, and Metakaolin on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Made with 100% Coarse Recycled Aggregate
46. ASTM, Ameriacan Society of Civil Engineers, Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete C642-06, ASTM Int. (1997) 1–3.
47. IS 9142 (Part 2), Artificial Lightweight Aggregate for Concrete — Specification, (2018).
48. ACI Commitee 211, Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete, 2009.
49. German Standards, DIN 1045-2-2001: Plain, Reinforced and Pestressed Concrete Structures, (2001).
50. IS:516 Part-1/Sec-1, Hardened concrete - Methods of test, Bur. Indian Stand. IS 516-2021, New Delhi, India. 54 (2021), (n.d.).
51. Evaluating the corrosion resistance and LCA of lightweight geopolymer concrete integrating sintered fly ash aggregate as coarse aggregate10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138370 ↗
52. ASTM C1585-13, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic Cement Concretes, ASTM Int. 41 (2013) 1–6.
53. ASTM C 876, Standard test method for half-cell potentials of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete, 2015.
54. Standard Test Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete 1
55. Neville · 2011
56. British Standards Institution, Concrete — Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206-1, Part 2 Specif. Const. Mater. Concr. (2006).
57. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
58. Microstructural analysis of interfacial transition zone ( ITZ) and its impact on the compressive strength of lightweight concretes10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.101 ↗
59. Mix design development of fly ash-GGBS based recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete
60. Development and prospectives of lightweight high strength concrete using lightweight aggregates10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129628 ↗
61. Chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement in low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.05.012 ↗
62. Passivity of embedded reinforcement in carbonated low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.10.001 ↗
63. pH Level of Pore Solution in Alkali-Activated Fly-Ash Geopolymer Concrete and Its Effect on ASR of Aggregates with Different Silicate Contents10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003344 ↗
64. Concrete deterioration: causes, diagnosis, and minimising risk10.1179/095066001101528420 ↗
65. Mechanical properties and durability performance of concretes with Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC310.1016/j.cemconres.2018.02.005 ↗
66. The effect of heat-curing on transport properties of low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.210 ↗
67. Effect of moisture content on concrete resistivity measurement
68. AASHTO T. 358, Surface resistivity indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration. AASHTO, 2015.
69. ASTM International, Standard test method for corrosion potentials of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete. ASTM C876 - 15. G01.14, ASTM Int. (2015) 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1520/C0876-15.2.
70. A guide to understanding reference electrode readings
71. Carbonation of a low-calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete10.1680/jmacr.15.00486 ↗
72. Performance of Concrete Made Using Sintered Fly Ash Lightweight Aggregatea Review
73. Pore structure of geopolymer materials and its correlations to engineering properties: A review10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127064 ↗
74. Micro-structural behavior of interfacial transition zone of the porous sintered fly ash aggregate10.1016/j.jobe.2017.12.007 ↗
75. INFLUENCE AND PREDICTION OF SINTERED AGGREGATE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT ALKALI-ACTIVATED CONCRETE
76. Porous arrangement and transport properties of geopolymers10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.028 ↗
77. MgO content of slag controls phase evolution and structural changes induced by accelerated carbonation in alkali-activated binders10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.12.003 ↗
78. Gel nanostructure in alkali-activated binders based on slag and fly ash, and effects of accelerated carbonation10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.06.007 ↗
79. Alkali-Activated Materials and Geopolymer: a Review of Common Precursors and Activators Addressing Circular Economy10.1007/s43615-021-00029-w ↗
80. Corrosion of steel bars induced by accelerated carbonation in low and high calcium fly ash geopolymer concretes10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.015 ↗
81. Effect of carbonation curing on the physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133403 ↗
82. Optimization of kaolin into Metakaolin: Calcination Conditions, mix design and curing temperature to develop alkali activated binder10.1016/j.asej.2023.102142 ↗
83. Influence of Recycled Aggregate on Interfacial Transition Zone, Strength, Chloride Penetration and Carbonation of Concrete10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:5(443) ↗
84. Long-term corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel in alkali-activated slag mortar after exposure to marine environments10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109175 ↗
85. A state-of-the-art review on the durability of geopolymer concrete for sustainable structures and infrastructure10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123381 ↗
86. Mechanical performance and durability of geopolymer lightweight rubber concrete
87. Effect of binder content on the performance of alkali-activated slag concretes10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.08.017 ↗
88. A comparative corrosion behavior of Mg, AZ31 and AZ91 alloys in 3.5% NaCl10.1016/j.jma.2015.02.004 ↗
89. Effects of Tafel slope, exchange current density and electrode potential on the corrosion of steel in concrete10.1002/maco.200604043 ↗
90. Application Area: Corrosion Electrochemical Corrosion Studies of Various Metals
91. B. Bertolini and Elsener, Corrosion of Steel in Concrete, in: Mater. Sci. Technol. A Compr. Treat., Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, 2004.
92. Long Term Corrosion Experiment of Steel Rebar in Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete in NaCl Solution10.1155/2016/3853045 ↗
93. Development of Cement-Free Mortar Integrated with Aluminosilicate
94. Correlation of strength to apparent porosity of geopolymers – Understanding through variations of setting time10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.059 ↗
95. Life cycle sustainable assessment of natural vs artificial lightweight aggregates10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133064 ↗
96. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and the influence of alkaline activator content on mechanical and microstructural properties of geopolymer mortar
97. Strength, life cycle analysis, embodied energy and cost-sensitivity assessment of sugarcane bagasse ash-based ternary blends of geopolymer concrete10.1080/19648189.2023.2219709 ↗
98. Environmental impact assessment of alkali-activated mortar with waste precursors and activators
99. The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology10.1007/s11367-016-1087-8 ↗
100. ReCiPe2016: a harmonised life cycle impact assessment method at midpoint and endpoint level10.1007/s11367-016-1246-y ↗