journal article·2022-06Open access

Bentonite in two-component grout applications

Carmine Todaro, Simone Saltarin, Marilena Cardu

Abstract

Two-component grout is a cement-based material, currently the most used technology for backfilling in tunnelling applications. Despite its intensive, knowledge on this material is quite limited, especially as concern the role of ingredients and their effect on the properties of fresh mortar and hardened grout. In this work, an accurate and innovative test campaign focused on the role of the bentonite was performed. Three different bentonites were used. The activation of the bentonite and its effect on both mortar stability and grout strength was investigated with the purpose to recognise the bentonite parameters useful to select, at the design stage, the best bentonite according to the designers’ requirements. Swell index and Atterberg’s liquid limit were recognised as useful parameters for predicting results in terms of suitable bleeding and surface compression strength.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics · Tunneling and Rock Mechanics · Rock Mechanics and Modeling

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (41)

Show source-provided references
1. M. Thewes, C. Budach, Grouting of the annular gap in shield tunneling – an important factor for minimisation of settlements and production performance, in: Proceedings of the ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress 2009, May, pp. 23–28, Budapest (HU).
2. Influencing parameters of the grout mix on the properties of annular gap grouts in mechanized tunnelling10.1016/j.tust.2014.05.021 ↗
3. Ultrasonic measurements for assessing the elastic parameters of two-component grout use in full face mechanized tunnelling10.1016/j.tust.2020.103630 ↗
4. Analysis of the behavior of the two-component grout around a tunnel segmental lining on the basis of experimental results and analytical approaches10.1016/j.trgeo.2021.100570 ↗
5. The influence of the two-component grout on the behaviour of a segmental lining in tunnelling10.1016/j.tust.2020.103750 ↗
6. Guglielmetti · 2007
7. Lessons learnt from unusual ground settlement during Double-O-Tube tunnelling in soft ground10.1016/j.tust.2015.04.008 ↗
8. Numerical study on backfilling the tail void using a two-component grout10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002175 ↗
9. Non-linear spring model for backfill grout-consolidation behind shield tunnel lining10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104235 ↗
10. ITAtech · 2014
11. E. Dal Negro, A. Boscaro, E. Barbero, J. Darras, J, Comparison between different methods for backfilling grouting in mechanized tunneling with TBM: technical and operational advantages of the two-component grouting system, in: Proceedings of the AFTES International Congress 2017, November, pp. 13–16, Paris (FR).
12. A. Reschke, C. Noppenberger, Brisbane Airport Link earth pressure balance machine two component tailskin grouting - a new Australian record, in: Proceedings of 14th Australasian Tunnelling Conference 2011: Development of Underground Space, March, pp. 8–10, Auckland (NZ).
13. Hashimoto · 2005
14. Study of the shear strength evolution over time of two-component backfilling grout in shield tunnelling
15. Characteristics and testing of two-component grout in tunnelling applications
16. C. Schulte-Schrepping, R. Breitenbücher, Two-component grouts with alkali-activated binders, in: Proceedings of the ITA World Tunnel Congress 2019, May, pp. 3–9, Naples (IT).10.1201/9780429424441-326 ↗
17. Synthesis and characterization of eco-friendly alkali-activated industrial solid waste-based two-component backfilling grouts for shield tunnelling10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121974 ↗
18. C. Schulte-Schrepping, D. Ov, R. Breitenbücher, Solidification of Two-Component Grouts by the Use of Superabsorbent Polymers as Activator, in: William P.Boshoff, Riaan Combrinck, Viktor Mechtcherine, Mateusz Wyrzykowski (Eds.), 3rd International Conference on the Application of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) and Other New Admixtures Towards Smart Concrete. RILEM Bookseries, vol 24. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978–3-030–33342-3_25.10.1007/978-3-030-33342-3_25 ↗
19. Preparation and engineering properties of alkali-activated filling grouts for shield tunnel
20. L. Pellegrini, P. Perruzza, Sao Paulo metro project - control of settlements in variable soil conditions through EPB pressure and bicomponent backfill grout, in: Proceedings of the 19th Conference of Rapid Excavation and Tunneling, Las Vegas (USA), P. US Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, 2009 . pp. 1137–1153.
21. B. Youn, C. Schulte-Schrepping, R. Breitenbücher, Properties and Requirements of Two-Component Grouts in Mechanized Tunneling, in: Proceedings of the ITA WTC World Tunnel Congress 2016, April, pp. 22–28, San Francisco, USA.
22. E. Dal Negro, A. Boscaro, E. Plescia, Two-component backfill grout system in TBM. The experience of the tunnel “Sparvo” in Italy, in: Proceedings of the Tunnelling in a Resource Driven World Conference, 2014, TAC, Vancouver, CA, October, pp. 26–28.
23. Study of the impact of bentonite on the physico-mechanical and flow properties of cement grout10.1080/23311916.2018.1446252 ↗
24. S. Pelizza, D. Peila, L. Borio, E. Dal Negro, R. Schulkins, A. Boscaro, Analysis of the performance of two-component back-filling grout in tunnel boring machines, in: Proceedings of the ITA World Tunnel Congress, 2010, May, pp.14–20, Vancouver, CA.
25. S. Pelizza, D. Peila, R. Sorge, F. Cignitti, Back-fill grout with two component mix in EPB tunneling to minimize surface settlements: Roma Metro – line C case history, Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, held in Rome, Italy, 16–18, May 2011. ISBN 978–0-415–68367-8.
26. The behaviour of a two component backfilling grout used in a tunnel boring machine
27. Two-component backfill grouting on Rome’s Line C
28. A. Ivantchev, J.Del Rio, Two-component Backfill Grouting for Double Shield TBMs, in: Proceedings of the ITA WTC World Tunnel Congress 2015, May, pp. 22–28, Dubrovnik, HR.
29. Study on temporary filling material of synchronous grouting in the middle of shield10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121681 ↗
30. C. Todaro, L. Peila, A. Luciani, A. Carigi, D. Martinelli, A. Boscaro, Two component backfilling in shield tunneling: laboratory procedure and results of a test campaign, in: Proceedings of the ITA WTC World Tunnel Congress 2019, May, pp. 3–9, Naples, IT.10.1201/9780429424441-340 ↗
31. C. Todaro, D. Martinelli, Two component backfilling technology: a comparison study between laboratory and job site testing procedures, in: Proceedings of the AFTES 2021. Accepted for publication.
32. R.J. Càmara, Use of two-component mortar in the precast lining backfilling of mechanized tunnels in rock formations, in: Proceedings of the ITA WTC World Tunnel Congress 2018, April, pp. 20–26, Dubai, UAE.
33. An experimental study of the performance of two-component backfilling grout used behind the segmental lining of a tunnel-boring machine10.1520/JTE20160617 ↗
34. S. Rahmati, H. Chakeri, M. Sharghi, D. Dias, Experimental Study of the Mechanical Properties of Two-Component Backfilling Grout, in: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Ground Improvement, 2020, pp. 1–38.
35. Sospensioni acquose per iniezioni a base di leganti idraulici - caratteristiche e metodi di prova
36. Grouting of cohesionless soils by means of colloidal nanosilica
37. Short term strength behavior of two-component backfilling in shield tunneling: comparison between standard penetrometer test results and UCS
38. CEN · 2016
39. ASTM C403/C403M · 2016
40. ASTM D5890 · 2018
41. BS 1377-2 · 1990