Valorization of kaolin mining waste from the Amazon region (Brazil) for the low-carbon cement production
Source abstract
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest has 90% of Brazil's total kaolin reserves, and its mining is of great economic interest. However, the intense kaolin activity produces large quantities of deposited waste in tailing dams, generating a tremendous environmental and local economic liability. Such wastes have no economic value, but their high kaolinite composition can be interesting for the cement industry. Thus, this study aimed to valorize such material as a potential Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) in low-carbon cements. The calcined kaolin waste (KAW) was used with limestone and gypsum as clinker substitutes. Its performance was compared with calcined pure kaolin (KA) and an inert material (quartz powder, QP). The cements were evaluated regarding their setting times, water demand, rheological behavior, hydration and compressive strength at different ages. The most important results of the KAW are related to its better rheological behavior compared to KA and closer to QP when used in cement formulations. The kaolinite clay content played a significant role in the fresh properties assessed as well. The microstructural and mechanical performance of KAW cement is similar to KA, which highlights comparable reactivity. This study brings a new insight into the potential use of kaolinite-rich waste from the mining sector as SCM to be used in the local infrastructure of the Amazon region.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Tailings Management and Properties · Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (75)
Show source-provided references
1. I. Ore, I.O. Pigments, P. Rock, Q. Crystal, R. Earths, S. Ash, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2021, (2021).
2. Supplementary cementitious materials to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from concrete: can there be too much of a good thing?10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.008 ↗
3. Eco-efficient cements: potential economically viable solutions for a low-CO2 cement-based materials industry10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.03.015 ↗
4. CSI/ECRA, Development of state of the art techniques in cement manufacturing: trying to look ahead; CSI/ECRA technology papers 2017, Dusseldorf, Geneva, (2017).
5. Rethinking cement standards: opportunities for a better future10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105832 ↗
6. Reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement blends10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105799 ↗
7. High-volume natural volcanic pozzolan and limestone powder as partial replacements for portland cement in self-compacting and sustainable concrete10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.003 ↗
8. Green concrete containing diatomaceous earth and limestone: workability, mechanical properties, and life-cycle assessment10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.077 ↗
9. M. Flegar, M. Serdar, D. Londono-Zuluaga, K. Scrivener, Overview of clay as supplementary cementitious material, (2019) pp. 163–174. https://doi.org/10.5592/co/phdsym.2019.14.10.5592/CO/PhDSym.2019.14 ↗
10. Eco-efficient cements: potential economically viable solutions for a low-CO 2 cement-based materials industry
11. Environmental impacts and decarbonization strategies in the cement and concrete industries10.1038/s43017-020-0093-3 ↗
12. F. Avet, K. Scrivener, Hydration study of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) using various grades of calcined Kaolinitic Clays, in: (2018): pp. 35–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1207-9_6.10.1007/978-94-024-1207-9_6 ↗
13. Caulins amazônicos: possíveis materiais de referência10.1590/S0366-69132013000300013 ↗
14. M. of M. and Energy, Brazilian Mineral Yearbook 2010, (2010).
15. R.A.C. Mártires, Caulim - Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral do Brasil, (2010).
16. Valorisation of a kaolin mining waste for the production of geopolymers10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.011 ↗
17. Atividade pozolânica dos resíduos cauliníticos das indústrias de mineração de caulim da amazônia
18. Barata · 2007
19. de Castro · 2019
20. T. Borges, S. Branford, Brazilians impacted by mining assert: ‘Genocide legalized by the state,’ Mongabay Plataform, (2020). 〈https://news.mongabay.com/2020/12/brazilians-impacted-by-mining-assert-genocide-legalized-by-the-state/〉.
21. Nationsonline, Countries of the World by Area, (2021). 〈Https://www.Nationsonline.Org/Oneworld/Countries_by_area.Htm〉.
22. Utilization of steel slag for cemented tailings backfill: Hydration, strength, pore structure, and cost analysis
23. Screening for key material parameters affecting early-age and mechanical properties of blended cementitious binders with mine tailings
24. M.S. Barata, D.C.C. Dal, Avaliação preliminar do resíduo caulinítico das indústrias beneficiamento de caulim como matéria-prima na produção de uma metacaulinita de altamente reativa., in: Ambiente Construído, (2002): pp. 69–78.
25. Viability of using calcined clays, from industrial by-products, as pozzolans of high reactivity10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.04.012 ↗
26. S.S. Freitas, G.A. Silva, Estudo do aproveitamento do resíduo do beneficiamento de caulim como matéria-prima na produção de clínquer para cimento Portland., in: IX Seminário Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, (2011).
27. Use of 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR to study thermal activation of kaolinites from Brazilian Amazon kaolin wastes10.1016/j.clay.2013.10.028 ↗
28. E.S.J. Arruda, J. Lima, M.S. Barata, Cimentos de baixa emissão de CO2 a partir de misturas de resíduo caulinítico e calcário, in: Encontro Nacional BETÃO ESTRUTURAL, (2018).
29. M.S. Barata, R.S. Angélica, Caracterização dos resíduos cauliníticos das indústrias de mineração de caulim da amazônia como matéria-prima para produção de pozolanas de alta reatividade (Characterization of kaolin wastes from kaolin mining industry, Cerâmica, 58, (2012) pp. 36–42.10.1590/S0366-69132012000100007 ↗
30. SNIC, ROADMAP tecnológico do cimento: Potencial de redução das emissões de carbono da indústria do cimento brasileira até 2050 / coordenado por Gonzalo Visedo e Marcelo Pecchio, Rio de Janeiro, (2019).
31. Pilot scale manufacture of limestone calcined clay cement: the Indian experience
32. Limestone calcined clay cement as a low-carbon solution to meet expanding cement demand in emerging economies10.1016/j.deveng.2017.06.001 ↗
33. A.B. de N.T. ABNT, NBR 16605: Portland cement and other powdered material — determination of the specific gravity, (2017).
34. A.B. de N.T. ABNT, NBR 15895: Materiais pozolânicos – determinação do teor de hidróxido de cálcio fixado – Método Chapelle modificado, (2010).
35. Determination of the amount of reacted metakaolin in calcined clay blends10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.01.009 ↗
36. Longhi · 2015
37. M. Raverdy, F. Brivot, A.M. Paillere, R. Dron, Appreciation de I′activite pouzzolanique des constituants secondaires, in: (1981).
38. Cement substitution by a combination of metakaolin and limestone10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.09.006 ↗
39. A.B. de N.T. ABNT, NBR 16372: determinação da finura pelo método de permeabilidade ao ar (método de Blaine), (2015).
40. Associaçao_Brasileira_de_Normas_Técnicas, NBR 16607: Portland cement — determination of setting times, (2018).
41. Influence of water-reducing admixtures on properties of cement paste—a miniature slump test10.1520/CCA10190J ↗
42. ASTM International, ASTM C1738 / C1738M - 18 standard practice for high-shear mixing of hydraulic cement pastes, (2018).
43. Flow analysis of water–powder mixtures: application to specific surface area and shape factor10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.09.010 ↗
44. P.C.R.A. Abrão, O Uso De Pozolanas Como Materiais Cimentícios Suplementares: Disponibilidade, Reatividade, Demanda De Água E Indicadores Ambientais O Uso De Pozolanas Como Materiais Cimentícios Suplementares, (2019).
45. Self Compacting Concrete - research paper10.3151/jact.1.5 ↗
46. V.Y. Sato, Contribuição ao estudo reológico de pastas cimentícias com adição de resíduo do beneficiamento de rochas ornamentais., Centro Tecnológico da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, (2015).
47. Measuring rheological properties of cement pastes: most common techniques, procedures and challenges10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.43 ↗
48. RILEM TC-238 SCM recommendation on hydration stoppage by solvent exchange for the study of hydrate assemblages
49. Scrivener · 2016
50. Hydration of quaternary Portland cement blends containing blast-furnace slag, siliceous fly ash and limestone powder10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.10.001 ↗
51. A.B. de N.T. ABNT, NBR 7215 - Portland cement - determination of compressive strength of cylindrical test specimens, (2019).
52. Impact of metakaolin characteristics on the rheological properties of mortar in the fresh state10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.12.001 ↗
53. Pore size distribution of metakaolin paste10.1016/0008-8846(96)00147-0 ↗
54. Influence of key cement chemical parameters on the properties of metakaolin blended cements10.1016/S0958-9465(00)00093-7 ↗
55. The effect of limestone on the performance of ternary blended cement LC3: limestone, calcined clays and cement
56. Efficiency of Portland-pozzolana cements: water demand, chemical reactivity and environmental impact10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118546 ↗
57. Impacting factors and properties of limestone calcined clay cements (LC 3)10.1680/jgrma.18.00029 ↗
58. Relative evaluation of performance of limestone calcined clay cement compared with Portland pozzolana cement10.18702/acf.2016.12.2.2.110 ↗
59. Alkali silica reaction and sulfate attack: Expansion of limestone calcined clay cement10.1007/978-94-024-1207-9_26 ↗
60. Hydration and strength development in ternary portland cement blends containing limestone and fly ash or metakaolin10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.03.028 ↗
61. The role of limestone and calcined clay on the rheological properties of LC310.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103516 ↗
62. Observations on the rheological response of alkali activated fly ash suspensions: the role of activator type and concentration10.1007/s00397-014-0793-z ↗
63. Effects and mechanisms of surface treatment of hardened cement-based materials with colloidal nanoSiO2 and its precursor10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.062 ↗
64. Role of the filler on Portland cement hydration at very early ages: rheological behaviour of their fresh cement pastes10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.006 ↗
65. Interactions between alite and C3A-gypsum hydrations in model cements10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.10.018 ↗
66. Advances in understanding hydration of Portland cement10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.05.025 ↗
67. The influence of the filler effect on the sulfate requirement of blended cements10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105918 ↗
68. Investigation of the calcined kaolinite content on the hydration of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3)10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.02.016 ↗
69. Dissolution kinetics of calcined kaolinite and montmorillonite in alkaline conditions: evidence for reactive Al(V) sites10.1111/jace.16663 ↗
70. Hydration of cubic tricalcium aluminate in the presence of calcined clays10.1111/jace.17745 ↗
71. R.J. Myers, B. Lothenbach, S.A. Bernal, J.L. Provis, Applied Geochemistry Thermodynamic modelling of alkali-activated slag cements, 61, (2015) pp. 233–247.10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.06.006 ↗
72. Cement substitution by a combination of metakaolin and limestone10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.09.006 ↗
73. Elucidating the role of the aluminous rource on limestone reactivity in cementitious materials10.1111/jace.13806 ↗
74. Limestone calcined clay cement as a low-carbon solution to meet expanding cement demand in emerging economies10.1016/j.deveng.2017.06.001 ↗
75. A.B. de N.T. ABNT, ABNT NBR 16697: Portland cement - requirements, (2019).