Exploring the factors influencing the abrasion resistance of hydraulic concrete based on underwater steel ball test

Hydraulic structures may be subjected to erosion and damage by high-speed sand carrying water flow in the overflow area, seriously weakening the normal operation of the building. Due to the limited research on the wear resistance of ordinary concrete as a drainage structure, this paper took concrete in actual engineering as examples to study the effects of compressive strength, aggregate ppaper size, sand volume fraction, pore size parameters, water flow velocity, bed load and suspended load content. The results showed that when using the underwater steel ball method for testing, no strong correspondence between concrete abrasion resistance and a compressive strength. The strength grade of concrete was C40 - C55, with similar abrasion resistance. When the compressive strength was close, the abrasion resistance of concrete was 1.42–1.68 times that of mortar. The smaller the difference between the volume fraction of sand and the compact porosity of coarse aggregate, the higher the abrasion resistance. The proportion of 50–100 nm pore size in the pore structure was negatively correlated with the abrasion resistance of concrete, while the fractal dimension of pore volume was positively correlated with the abrasion resistance. When the water flow speed decreased from 1.5 m/s to 1.25 m/s, the abrasion resistance has increased by 97%. The influence of suspended load on concrete abrasion damage was minimal compared to bed load. Comprehensively studies the influence of different factors on the abrasion resistance of concrete, providing theoretical guidance and practical experience for improving the abrasion resistance of concrete.