Effects of nano montmorillonite clay modified epoxy adhesive on confinement efficiency of adhesively bonded CFRP stay-in-place formwork column
Source abstract
Abstract
The efficiency of load transfer between the concrete surface and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is greatly influenced by the adhesive agent used in any composite system. This study investigates the effects of using nano montmorillonite clay (nC) as a toughening agent with the epoxy adhesive, to improve the confinement efficiency of CFRP-wrapped stay-in-place (SIP) composite column. Twenty scaled columns were tested under axial compressive load including, unwrapped (reference columns) and wrapped with one layer (1 L) or two layers (2 L) of CFRP. Two cross-section column shapes, square and circular, were evaluated based on their nC-modified adhesive efficiency. Results revealed that SIP columns made with nC-modified epoxy adhesive showed superior compressive behavior, stress, and strain capacity, compared to unmodified composite columns, even when wrapped with 2 L of CFRP. Using 1 L and 2 L of CFRP bonded with unmodified adhesive of circular specimens, increased the confinement efficiency (CE) by about 134% and 183% respectively. However, the improvements for the circular specimens with nC-modified epoxy adhesive were higher by up to 15% than their counterparts’ ones made with unmodified adhesive. For square specimens, the use of nC-modified adhesive improved the CE by up to 16% as compared with their counterparts’ specimens made with unmodified adhesive. Scanning electronic images revealed that using adhesive modified with nC induces several shorter microcracks, instead of a few wide cracks appearing in the unmodified adhesive. This toughening mechanism as well as the enhancement in the IZ between the adhesive matrix and the fabric yarns, explain the improvements in the ultimate strain capacity of the column specimens made with modified adhesive.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Mechanical Behavior of Composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (92)
Show source-provided references
1. Influence of Spirals on the Behavior of Short RC Columns Strengthened by External CFRP10.30684/etj.36.2A.15 ↗
2. Flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened by NSM-CFRP laminates or bars10.30684/etj.36.4A.1 ↗
3. Experimental behavior of self compacting concrete corbels strengthened with external CFRP10.30684/etj.36.2A.6 ↗
4. Development of a simplified bond stress-slip model for bonded FRP-concrete interfaces10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.037 ↗
5. Bond behavior of FRP-to-concrete interface under sulfate attack: An experimental study and modeling of bond degradation10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.031 ↗
6. Behaviour of GFRP-strengthened RC cantilever slabs10.1016/S0950-0618(01)00016-2 ↗
7. Empirical and NLFEA prediction of bond-slip behavior between DSSF concrete and anchored CFRP composites10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.013 ↗
8. Behavior of macro synthetic fiber concrete beams strengthened with different CFRP composite configurations
9. Behavior of plain concrete beams with DSSF strengthened in flexure with anchored CFRP sheets—Effects of DSSF content on the bonding length of CFRP sheets
10. Effective strengthening schemes for heat damaged reinforced concrete beams
11. Strengthening of concrete slab-column connections using CFRP strips
12. Rehabilitation of the Infrastructure Using Composite Materials: Overview and Applications
13. Strain rate effect on effective bond length of basalt FRP sheet bonded to concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.02.016 ↗
14. Standardised double-shear test for determining bond of FRP to concrete and corresponding model development10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.06.019 ↗
15. Experimental investigation into bond behavior of CFRP sheets attached to concrete using EBR and EBROG techniques10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.03.003 ↗
16. Effective bond length of FRP-to-concrete adhesively-bonded joints: Experimental evaluation of existing models10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2013.09.022 ↗
17. Bond strength and effective bond length of FRP sheets/plates bonded to concrete considering the type of adhesive layer10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.10.075 ↗
18. Bond characteristics of sprayed FRP composites bonded to concrete substrate considering various concrete surface conditions10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.12.031 ↗
19. Bond behavior of roughing FRP sheet bonded to concrete substrate10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.057 ↗
20. Effect of using carbon nanotube modified epoxy on bond-slip behavior between concrete and FRP sheets10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.183 ↗
21. Physico-mechanical and rheological properties of epoxy adhesives modified by microsilica and sonication process10.3390/ma13235310 ↗
22. Durability of an epoxy adhesive used in civil structural applications10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.168 ↗
23. Impressive epoxy toughening by a structure-engineered core/shell polymer nanoparticle10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108364 ↗
24. Preparation of TiO2/epoxy resin composite and its effect on mechanical and bonding properties of OPC mortars10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121960 ↗
25. How Do Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles Affect the Crashworthiness Performance of Glass/Epoxy Composite Tubes?10.1007/s12221-023-00447-7 ↗
26. Energy absorption capability of laterally loaded glass/epoxy tubular components containing halloysite nanotubes10.1177/00219983231204976 ↗
27. Lateral crashing response of thin-walled composite structures filled with carbon nanopowder10.1002/pc.27702 ↗
28. Effect of carbon nanotubes on the strength of adhesive lap joints of C/C and C/C–SiC ceramic fibre composites10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.03.006 ↗
29. Effect of carbon nano-filler addition on the degradation of epoxy adhesive joints subjected to hygrothermal aging10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.04.017 ↗
30. Potentiality of halloysite nanoclay on crashworthiness performance of polymer composite tubular elements10.1177/00219983221088099 ↗
31. Carbon-glass reinforced epoxy hybrid composites for crashworthy structural applications10.1002/pc.27290 ↗
32. Effect of alumina nano-particles on collapse behavior and energy absorption of laterally loaded glass/epoxy composite tubes10.1002/pc.27630 ↗
33. Enhancing bonding behavior between carbon fiber-reinforced polymer plates and concrete using carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy composites
34. Effect of using carbon nanotube modified epoxy on bond–slip behavior between concrete and FRP sheets10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.183 ↗
35. Using carbon nanotubes to improve strengthening efficiency of carbon fiber/epoxy composites confined RC columns10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.108 ↗
36. On adhesive properties of nano-silica/epoxy bonded single-lap joints10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.055 ↗
37. The mechanisms and mechanics of the toughening of epoxy polymers modified with silica nanoparticles
38. Single lap joints bonded with structural adhesives reinforced with a mixture of silica nanoparticles and multi walled carbon nanotubes10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2017.10.007 ↗
39. Effect of functionalized nano-SiO2 addition on bond behavior of adhesively bonded CFRP-steel double-lap joint10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118400 ↗
40. Effect of halloysite nanoclay on mechanical properties, thermal behavior and microstructure of cement mortars10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.03.005 ↗
41. Synthesis and characterization of epoxy based nanocomposites10.1002/app.22242 ↗
42. Enhanced thermal stability and structural characteristics of different MMT-Clay/epoxy-nanocomposite materials10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.10.005 ↗
43. Durability of CFRP-wrapped concrete in cold regions: A laboratory evaluation of montmorillonite nanoclay-modified siloxane epoxy adhesive10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123253 ↗
44. Epoxy reinforcement with silicate particles: Rheological and adhesive properties–Part I: Characterization of composites with natural and organically modified montmorillonites10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2015.05.008 ↗
45. Effect of CNT functionalization on crack resistance of a carbon/epoxy composite at a cryogenic temperature10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.04.001 ↗
46. Influence of roughness on shear bonding performance of CFRP-concrete interface10.3390/ma11101875 ↗
47. Effect of concrete surface roughness on the bonding performance between the CFRP and concrete
48. Synthesis, morphology and physical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/biphenyl liquid crystalline epoxy composites10.1016/j.carbon.2011.09.051 ↗
49. Bond strength and effective bond length of FRP sheets/plates bonded to concrete considering the type of adhesive layer10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.10.075 ↗
50. A review of formwork systems for modern concrete construction
51. Think formwork-reduced cost
52. O. Remy, S. Verbruggen, J. Wastiels, T. Tysmans, Cement composite stay-in-place formwork: a concept for future building systems, in: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2011.
53. Wrigley · 2001
54. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary on Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318R-19), 2019.
55. ASTM Committee C01.10, ASTM C150/C150M−16 Standard Specification for Portland Cement, in: Annual Book of ASTM Standards Volume 04.01, 2016.
56. ASTM C 33-18, Designation: C33/C33M − 18 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates, ASTM InternationalC33/C33M (2018).
57. ASTM C494, ASTM C494/C494M · 2019 · 04
58. ASTM, Standard specification for carbon-steel wire and welded wire reinforcement, plain and deformed, for concrete, (2016).
59. A.C.I. ACI, 211.1-91 (Reapproved 2009) Standard practice for selecting proportions for normal, heavyweight, and mass concrete, (2009).
60. The European guidelines for self-compacting concrete
61. ASTM C469/C469M − 14l, Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression, Annual Book of ASTM Standards (2014).
62. ASTM International · 2017
63. ASTM C39, ASTM Standard C39/C39M-16, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, 2016.
64. A. C109/C109M-16a · 2016
65. ASTM · 2005
66. Efficiency of glass-fiber reinforced-polymer (GFRP) discrete hoops and bars in concrete columns under combined axial and flexural loads10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.063 ↗
67. Carbon fibre-reinforced polymer confinement of corroded circular concrete columns
68. Analytical analysis of design-oriented models for forecasting the performance of CFRP-confined corrosion-affected concrete columns10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125491 ↗
69. Durability of CFRP strengthened steel plate double-strap joints in accelerated corrosion environments10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.101 ↗
70. Axial behavior of reinforced concrete column with ultra-high performance concrete stay-in-place formwork10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110403 ↗
71. A critical review on nanotube and nanotube/nanoclay related polymer composite materials10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.02.020 ↗
72. A State-of-the-Art Review on Debonding Failures of FRP Laminates Externally Adhered to Concrete10.1007/s40069-012-0012-1 ↗
73. Cross-sectional shape effect of stay-in-place formwork column on axial compressive behaviour10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109417 ↗
74. Carbon fibre-reinforced polymer confinement of corroded circular concrete columns
75. Finite element simulation of debonding in FRP-to-concrete bonded joints10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.033 ↗
76. Development of a simplified bond stress-slip model for bonded FRP-concrete interfaces10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.037 ↗
77. Externally bonded reinforcement in grooves (EBRIG) technique to postpone debonding of FRP sheets in strengthened concrete beams10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.030 ↗
78. Compressive behavior of rectangular concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer and steel composite tube columns with stress-release grooves10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114984 ↗
79. Grooving as Alternative Method of Surface Preparation to Postpone Debonding of FRP Laminates in Concrete Beams10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000117 ↗
80. Predicting the bond-slip relationship between concrete and CFRP using anchoring holes technique
81. New epoxy anchor for better bonding between FRP sheets and concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118628 ↗
82. Effect of mechanical fastening pressure on the bond behaviors of hybrid-bonded FRP to concrete interface10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.08.008 ↗
83. Improving bonding behavior between basalt fiber-reinforced polymer sheets and concrete using multi-wall carbon nanotubes modified epoxy composites
84. Experimental investigation on axial compressive behavior of novel FRP-ECC-HSC composite short column10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116285 ↗
85. 3D concrete printing of permanent formwork for concrete column construction10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104039 ↗
86. Concrete columns confined with SRP: Effect of the size, cross-sectional shape and amount of confinement10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121618 ↗
87. Stay in Place Formwork, Encased Reinforced Concrete Column: A Review10.30684/etj.2023.139421.1428 ↗
88. Behaviour of square concrete filled FRP tube columns under concentric, uniaxial eccentric, biaxial eccentric and four-point bending loads10.1016/j.tws.2021.108252 ↗
89. Behaviour of circularized and FRP wrapped hollow concrete specimens under axial compressive load10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.03.056 ↗
90. Ductility of FRP–concrete systems: Investigations at different length scales10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.10.017 ↗
91. Influence of the Cross-Sectional Shape and Corner Radius on the Compressive Behaviour of Concrete Columns Confined by FRP and Stirrups10.3390/polym14020341 ↗
92. Influence of cross-sectional shape on the mechanical properties of concrete canvas and CFRP-reinforced columns10.1155/2021/5541587 ↗