journal article·2025-07Open access

Fracture toughness of recycled carbon fibers reinforced cement mortar and its environmental impact assessment

Tao Shi, Kun-Ming Li, Cheng-Zhe Wang, Zhe Jin, Xin-Kai Hao, Peng Sun, Yan-Xing Han, Chong-Gen Pan, Ning Fu, Hai-Bo Wang

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the mechanism of the effect of recycled carbon fibers on the fracture toughness of cement mortar and assess their environmental impact. The physical and interfacial properties of RCF were first characterized and found comparable to those of virgin carbon fibers (VCF). Three-point bending tests revealed that RCF significantly enhances the fracture energy , ductility index , crack initiation toughness, unstable toughness and cohesive toughness of cement mortar by up to 446.84 %, 238.71 %, 104.22 %, 137.12 % and 169.09 %, respectively. Additionally, the bilinear softening constitutive curve for recycled carbon fibers reinforced cement mortar was applied to compute the cohesive toughness which was validated by experiments and the related research on virgin carbon fibers reinforced cement mortar was conducted for comparison. Finally, a strength-based life cycle assessment showed that the global warming potential and primary energy depletion indicators of RCF-reinforced mortar were reduced by 38.47 % and 13.79 %, respectively, compared to VCF-reinforced mortar. These results confirm the engineering feasibility and sustainability of using RCF as a substitute for VCF in cement mortar.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Smart Materials for Construction

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (72)

Show source-provided references
1. Recent advances of interphases in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites: a review10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109639 ↗
2. Mechanical enhancement of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers: from interfacial regulating strategies to advanced processing technologies
3. Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the behavior of the bond between CFRP plates and concrete substrates10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000846 ↗
4. Experimental and numerical study of the CFRP-to-concrete bonded joints after water immersion10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.03.043 ↗
5. A passive stress-strain model for concrete prisms reinforced by a combination of confinement reinforcement10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112981 ↗
6. Closed-form solution of the ductility of short FRP-wrapped rectangular concrete prisms under eccentric loads10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001153 ↗
7. Molding process and development of large carbon fiber of fan blades with composite properties of materials10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.600.157 ↗
8. A survey on key technologies for carbon fiber-reinforced plastic with applications to automobile lightening
9. Current status of carbon fibre and carbon fibre composites recycling10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108053 ↗
10. Research progress of the application of waste fiber in cement-based materials
11. Recycled fibers in reinforced concrete: a systematic literature review10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119207 ↗
12. Anticipating in-use stocks of carbon fiber reinforced polymers and related waste flows generated by the commercial aeronautical sector until 205010.1016/j.resconrec.2017.06.023 ↗
13. Assessing recycling potential of carbon fiber reinforced plastic waste in production of eco-efficient cement-based materials10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123001 ↗
14. Removal mechanism of epoxy resin from CFRP composites triggered by water electrolysis gas generation10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117296 ↗
15. Recycling methods for thermoplastic-matrix composites having high thermal stability in focusing on reuse of the carbon fibers10.1016/j.carbon.2021.01.042 ↗
16. Review of chemical recycling and reuse of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites10.1016/j.carbon.2022.11.087 ↗
17. Recycling of carbon fibers from carbon fiber reinforced polymer using electrochemical method10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.07.015 ↗
18. Cost effective thermoelectric composites from recycled carbon fibre: from waste to energy10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.238 ↗
19. Effect of polypropylene fibers on the long-term tensile strength of concrete10.1007/s11595-005-1052-z ↗
20. Durability of steel reinforced concrete in chloride environments: an overview10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.038 ↗
21. Research progress on multi-scale cracking resistance and toughening mechanisms for cement-based materials
22. Research on different types of fiber reinforced concrete in recent years: an overview10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130075 ↗
23. Enhanced dynamic compressive performance of silicon carbide whiskers-modified mortars10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136626 ↗
24. Chloride ion penetration resistance of matrix and interfacial transition zone of multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced concrete
25. Analytical analysis of whole loading process of uhpfrc beams in flexure
26. A review on the variation of mechanical properties of carbon fibre-reinforced concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130173 ↗
27. Highly conductive carbon fiber reinforced concrete for icing prevention and curing10.3390/ma9040281 ↗
28. Effects of HEC dispersant and fiber content on compression-sensitivity of short carbon fiber cement-based materials
29. Study on radar absorbing properties of cement-based composites filled with short carbon fiber/ferrite
30. Current status of carbon fibre and carbon fibre composites recycling10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108053 ↗
31. Cement mortar reinforced with reclaimed carbon fibres, CFRP waste or prepreg carbon waste10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.044 ↗
32. Development of conductive cementitious materials using recycled carbon fibres10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.06.009 ↗
33. Effect of the surface roughness on interfacial properties of carbon fibers reinforced epoxy resin composites10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.11.177 ↗
34. Surface treatment of carbon fibers-a review10.1016/j.protcy.2014.08.064 ↗
35. Effect of an ultraviolet/ozone treatment on the surface texture and functional groups on polyacrylonitrile carbon fibres10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.005 ↗
36. Effect of surface functionalization on the surface and interfacial properties of thermoplastic-coated carbon fibers10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.017 ↗
37. A review of carbon fiber surface modification methods for tailor-made bond behavior with cementitious matrices10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.101040 ↗
38. Interfacial bond between modified micro carbon fiber and high-strength cement paste in UHPC: bond-slip tests and molecular dynamic simulation10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105168 ↗
39. Hydrophilic and superhydrophilic surfaces and materials10.1039/c1sm05849e ↗
40. A one-step hot pressing molding method of polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers: influence on surface morphology, microstructure and mechanical property
41. Effect of carbon fiber surface modification on properties of composites
42. Improved interfacial strength of SiO2 coated carbon fiber in cement matrix10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.04.007 ↗
43. An experimental and numerical study on the age depended bond-slip behavior between nano-silica modified carbon fibers and cementitious matrices10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104416 ↗
44. Improving interfacial and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-sized carbon fiber/epoxy composites10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.063 ↗
45. Effect of discarded steel fibers on impact resistance, flexural toughness and fracture energy of high-strength self-compacting concrete exposed to elevated temperatures10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103271 ↗
46. Determination of the fracture energy of mortar and concrete by means of three-point bend tests on notched beames
47. Crack growth mechanisms in four different concretes: microscopic observations and fractal analysis10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00221-4 ↗
48. Determination of parameters in the bilinear, Reinhardts non-linear and exponentially non-linear softening curves and their physical meanings
49. A comparative study on two stress intensity factor-based criteria for prediction of mode-I crack propagation in concrete10.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.02.051 ↗
50. Quantitative characterization and mechanism analysis on thickness-dependent size effect of concrete fracture
51. Fracture properties of steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete using work of fracture and size effect methods10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.089 ↗
52. Hohai University, Hydraulic Concrete Fracture Test Procedure DL/T 5332, Power Industry Standards of the People’s Republic of China, (2005), 1-35.
53. Analysis of crack formation and crack growth in concrete by means of fracture mechanics and finite elements10.1016/0008-8846(76)90007-7 ↗
54. Tada · 2020 · 698
55. A practical analytical approach to the determinatioin of double-K fracture parameters of concrete
56. Crack softening zone in plain concrete under static loading10.1016/0008-8846(85)90007-9 ↗
57. P.-E. Petersson, Crack growth and development of fracture zone in plane concrete and similar materials, Report No. TVBM-1006 (1981) 1-174.
58. Crack extension resistance based on the cohesive force in concrete10.1016/S0013-7944(99)00080-6 ↗
59. Determination of residual fracture toughness and softening traction-separation law of post-fire concrete
60. C.E.-I.d. Béton, CEB-FIP model code 1990: Design code, Thomas Telford Publishing 1993 1-437.
61. Comparative study of cement manufacturing with different strength grades using the coupled LCA and partial LCC methods—a case study in China10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.06.017 ↗
62. Life cycle assessment of a thermal recycling process as an alternative to existing CFRP and GFRP composite wastes management options10.3390/polym13244430 ↗
63. Comparing life cycle energy and global warming potential of carbon fiber composite recycling technologies and waste management options10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b01026 ↗
64. Multicriteria performance evaluation of fiber-reinforced cement composites: An environmental perspective10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108937 ↗
65. Life cycle assessment of environmental impacts of ready-mixed concrete
66. Comparative LCA on using waste materials in the cement industry: a Hong Kong case study10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.12.012 ↗
67. Reducing greenhouse gasses emissions by fostering the deployment of alternative raw materials and energy sources in the cleaner cement manufacturing process10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.145 ↗
68. Comparative study on the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of the utilization of potential low carbon fuels for the cement industry10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.019 ↗
69. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of IPCC the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
70. China National Institute of Standardization, General rules for calculation of the comprehensive energy consumption, State Administration for Market Regulation, (2020), 1-9.
71. Mechanical property of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced fast-hardening concrete under freezing-thaw cycle effect
72. Flexural performance and microstructure of concrete incorporating recycled carbon fibers in different forms