journal article·2026-08

High-strength strain-sensing composite material based on freestanding carbon nanotube films for real-time structural health monitoring

Rajath Alexander, Amit Kaushal, Rohan Rohilla, Jitendra Bahadur, Jyoti Prakash, Hassaan Butt, Dmitry V. Krasnikov, Albert G. Nasibulin, Kinshuk Dasgupta

Carbon Letters· Volume 36· Issue 4
Publisher page

Abstract

No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.

Source: Not provided · Quality: missing

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Carbon Nanotubes in Composites · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Smart Materials for Construction

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (53)

Show source-provided references
1. Zhang J, Lin G, Vaidya U, Wang H (2023) Past, present and future prospective of global carbon fibre composite developments and applications. Compos Part B: Eng 250:11046310.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110463 ↗
2. Sharma RS, Vijayakumar MN (2023) Recent Developments in Damage Detection of CFRP Composites Using Non-Destructive Techniques – A Review. J Eng Res Rep 25(4):51–6510.9734/jerr/2023/v25i4902 ↗
3. Butt HA, Lomov SV, Akhatov IS, Abaimov SG (2021) Self-diagnostic carbon nanocomposites manufactured from industrial epoxy masterbatches. Compos Struct 259:11324410.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113244 ↗
4. Uribe-Riestra G, Pech-Pisté R, Avilés F (2024) Integration of carbon nanotube yarns into glass-fiber reinforced composites for electrical self-sensing of damage under cyclic bending and impact loading. Polymer Composites10.1002/pc.28849 ↗
5. Nauman S (2021) Piezoresistive Sensing Approaches for Structural Health Monitoring of Polymer Composites—A. Rev Eng 2(2):197–226
6. Hassaan AB, German VR, Andrei S, Dmitry VK, Albert GN (2022) Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymer/Fiber Composites: Fiber-Based Integration and Properties. In: Longbiao L, António BP, Alexandre LP (eds) Next Generation Fiber-Reinforced Composites. IntechOpen, Rijeka. Ch. 6. 1-25
7. Hu N, Karube Y, Arai M, Watanabe T, Yan C, Li Y et al (2010) Investigation on sensitivity of a polymer/carbon nanotube composite strain sensor. Carbon 48(3):680–68710.1016/j.carbon.2009.10.012 ↗
8. Zhao J, He C, Yang R, Shi Z, Cheng M, Yang W et al (2012) Ultra-sensitive strain sensors based on piezoresistive nanographene films. Appl Phys Lett 101(6):06311210.1063/1.4742331 ↗
9. Her SC, Hsu WC (2020) Sensing Performance and Mechanical Properties of Buckypaper Impregnated with Epoxy Resin. Nanomaterials (Basel Switzerland). 10(11) :1-1110.3390/nano10112258 ↗
10. Al-Bahrani M, Cree A (2021) Micro-scale damage sensing in self-sensing nanocomposite material based CNTs. Compos Part B: Eng 205:10847910.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108479 ↗
11. Bonavolontà C, Camerlingo C, Carotenuto G, De Nicola S, Longo A, Meola C et al (2016) Characterization of piezoresistive properties of graphene-supported polymer coating for strain sensor applications. Sens Actuators A: Phys 252:26–3410.1016/j.sna.2016.11.002 ↗
12. Smith AD, Niklaus F, Paussa A, Schröder S, Fischer AC, Sterner M et al (2016) Piezoresistive Properties of Suspended Graphene Membranes under Uniaxial and Biaxial Strain in Nanoelectromechanical Pressure Sensors. ACS Nano 10(11):9879–988610.1021/acsnano.6b02533 ↗
13. Sánchez-Romate XF, Sans A, Jiménez-Suárez A, Campo M, Ureña A, Prolongo SG (2020) Highly Multifunctional GNP/Epoxy Nanocomposites: From Strain-Sensing to Joule Heating Applications. Nanomaterials [Internet] 10(12):243110.3390/nano10122431 ↗
14. Lixing D, Jun S (2016) Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes-Polymer Composites. In: Mohamed Reda B, Inas Hazzaa H (eds) Carbon Nanotubes. IntechOpen, Rijeka. Ch. 6. 155-194
15. Butt HA, Novikov IV, Krasnikov DV, Sulimov AV, Pal AK, Evlashin SA et al (2023) Binder-free, pre-consolidated single-walled carbon nanotubes for manufacturing thermoset nanocomposites. Carbon 202:450–46310.1016/j.carbon.2022.10.088 ↗
16. Butt HA, Owais M, Sulimov A, Ostrizhiniy D, Lomov SV, Akhatov IS et al (eds) (2021) CNT/Epoxy-Masterbatch Based Nanocomposites: Thermal and Electrical Properties. IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO); 2021 28–30 July 202110.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514322 ↗
17. Singh NP, Gupta VK, Singh AP (2019) Graphene and carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy nanocomposites: A review. Polymer 180:12172410.1016/j.polymer.2019.121724 ↗
18. Nurazzi NM, Sabaruddin FA, Harussani MM, Kamarudin SH, Rayung M, Asyraf MRM et al (2021) Mechanical Performance and Applications of CNTs. Reinforced Polym Composites—A Rev Nanomaterials [Internet]. ; 11(9) : 1-2510.3390/nano11092186 ↗
19. Balguri PK, Samuel DGH, Thumu U (2021) A review on mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Materials Today: Proceedings. 44:346–35510.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.742 ↗
20. Xie X-L, Mai Y-W, Zhou X-P (2005) Dispersion and alignment of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix: A review. Mater Sci Engineering: R: Rep 49(4):89–11210.1016/j.mser.2005.04.002 ↗
21. Novikov IV, Krasnikov DV, Vorobei AM, Zuev YI, Butt HA, Fedorov FS et al (2022) Multifunctional Elastic Nanocomposites with Extremely Low Concentrations of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 14(16):18866–1887610.1021/acsami.2c01086 ↗
22. Chen Y, Wei W, Zhu Y, Luo J, Liu X (2019) Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes via co-deposition of tannic acid and polyethyleneimine for reinforcement and conductivity improvement in epoxy composite. Compos Sci Technol 170:25–3310.1016/j.compscitech.2018.11.026 ↗
23. Mohd Nurazzi N, Asyraf MM, Khalina A, Abdullah N, Sabaruddin FA, Kamarudin SH et al (2021) Fabrication, functionalization, and application of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composite: An overview. Polymers 13(7):104710.3390/polym13071047 ↗
24. Kaushal A, Alexander R, Prakash J, Dasgupta K (2024) Engineering challenges and innovations in controlled synthesis of CNT fiber and fabrics in floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) process. Diam Relat Mater 148:11147410.1016/j.diamond.2024.111474 ↗
25. Kaushal A, Alexander R, Mandal D, Joshi JB, Dasgupta K (2023) Remarkable enhancement in CNT fiber synthesis by reducing convection vortex in floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition. Chem Eng J 452:13914210.1016/j.cej.2022.139142 ↗
26. Wu K, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Yong Z, Li Q (2021) Continuous growth of carbon nanotube films: From controllable synthesis to real applications. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manufac 144:10635910.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106359 ↗
27. Cheng Q, Wang J, Wen J, Liu C, Jiang K, Li Q et al (2010) Carbon nanotube/epoxy composites fabricated by resin transfer molding. Carbon 48(1):260–26610.1016/j.carbon.2009.09.014 ↗
28. Smail F, Boies A, Windle A (2019) Direct spinning of CNT fibres: Past, present and future scale up. Carbon 152:218–23210.1016/j.carbon.2019.05.024 ↗
29. Lee H, Cho H, Lee S-H, Lee D-M, Oh E, Lee J et al (2021) Estimating carbon nanotube length from isotropic cloud point of carbon nanotube/chlorosulfonic acid solutions. Carbon 182:185–19310.1016/j.carbon.2021.05.051 ↗
30. Vazquez-Pufleau M, Torres RF, Arevalo L, Abomailek N, Vilatela JJ (2024) Mapping carbon nanotube aspect ratio, concentration and spinning in FCCVD synthesis controlled by sulphur. Carbon Trends. 15:100355.10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100355 ↗
31. Rezakhaniha R, Agianniotis A, Schrauwen JTC, Griffa A, Sage D, Bouten CVC et al (2012) Experimental investigation of collagen waviness and orientation in the arterial adventitia using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 11(3):461–47310.1007/s10237-011-0325-z ↗
32. Abràmoff MD, Magalhães PJ, Ram SJ (2004) Image processing with ImageJ. Biophotonics Int 11(7):36–42
33. Koziol K, Vilatela J, Moisala A, Motta M, Cunniff P, Sennett M et al (2007) High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Fiber. Science 318(5858):1892–189510.1126/science.1147635 ↗
34. Wang F, Zhao S, Jiang Q, Li R, Zhao Y, Huang Y et al (2022) Advanced functional carbon nanotube fibers from preparation to application. Cell Rep Phys Sci 3(8):10098910.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100989 ↗
35. Alexander R, Kaushal A, Das A, Bahadur J, Dasgupta K (2022) Does carrier gas have a role on the yield and alignment of CNT fibers. Diam Relat Mater 129:10939510.1016/j.diamond.2022.109395 ↗
36. Alemán B, Reguero V, Mas B, Vilatela JJ (2015) Strong Carbon Nanotube Fibers by Drawing Inspiration from Polymer Fiber Spinning. ACS Nano 9(7):7392–739810.1021/acsnano.5b02408 ↗
37. Kelly A, Cottrell AH, Kelly A (1970) Interface effects and the work of fracture of a fibrous composite. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 319(1536):95–11610.1098/rspa.1970.0168 ↗
38. Zu M, Li Q, Zhu Y, Dey M, Wang G, Lu W et al (2012) The effective interfacial shear strength of carbon nanotube fibers in an epoxy matrix characterized by a microdroplet test. Carbon 50(3):1271–127910.1016/j.carbon.2011.10.047 ↗
39. Mukhopadhyay A, Chu BTT, Green MLH, Todd RI (2010) Understanding the mechanical reinforcement of uniformly dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes in alumino-borosilicate glass ceramic. Acta Mater 58(7):2685–269710.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.001 ↗
40. Yu M-F, Lourie O, Dyer MJ, Moloni K, Kelly TF, Ruoff RS (2000) Strength and breaking mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under tensile load. Science 287(5453):637–64010.1126/science.287.5453.637 ↗
41. Liu X, Wei B, Farha FI, Liu W, Li W, Qiu Y et al (2020) Densely packed, highly strain sensitive carbon nanotube composites with sufficient polymer penetration. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manufac 130:10572810.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105728 ↗
42. Rogozhkin GV, Gordeev NE, Butt HA, Kondrashov VA, Goldt AE, Dmitrieva VA et al (2024) Mechanically neutral and facile monitoring of thermoset matrices with ultrathin and highly porous carbon nanotube films. Carbon 230:11960310.1016/j.carbon.2024.119603 ↗
43. Kanoun O, Bouhamed A, Ramalingame R, Bautista-Quijano JR, Rajendran D, Al-Hamry A (2021) Review on Conductive Polymer/CNTs Nanocomposites Based Flexible and Stretchable Strain and Pressure Sensors. Sens [Internet] 21(2):34110.3390/s21020341 ↗
44. Parmar K, Mahmoodi M, Park C, Park SS (2013) Effect of CNT alignment on the strain sensing capability of carbon nanotube composites. Smart Mater Struct 22(7):07500610.1088/0964-1726/22/7/075006 ↗
45. Liu L, Zhang X, Xiang D, Wu Y, Sun D, Shen J et al (2022) Highly stretchable, sensitive and wide linear responsive fabric-based strain sensors with a self-segregated carbon nanotube (CNT)/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating. Progress Nat Science: Mater Int 32(1):34–4210.1016/j.pnsc.2021.10.012 ↗
46. Sun X, Qin Z, Ye L, Zhang H, Yu Q, Wu X et al (2020) Carbon nanotubes reinforced hydrogel as flexible strain sensor with high stretchability and mechanically toughness. Chem Eng J 382:12283210.1016/j.cej.2019.122832 ↗
47. Qin Z, Sun X, Yu Q, Zhang H, Wu X, Yao M et al (2020) Carbon Nanotubes/Hydrophobically Associated Hydrogels as Ultrastretchable, Highly Sensitive, Stable Strain, and Pressure Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12(4):4944–495310.1021/acsami.9b21659 ↗
48. Tanabi H, Erdal M (2019) Effect of CNTs dispersion on electrical, mechanical and strain sensing properties of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites. Results Phys 12:486–50310.1016/j.rinp.2018.11.081 ↗
49. Yee MJ, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Abdullah EC, Jagadish P (2018) Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) infiltrated MWCNTs buckypaper for strain sensing application. Sci Rep 8(1):1729510.1038/s41598-018-35638-3 ↗
50. Chen R, Zhao G, Cao X, Wang W, Xiao Y, Tian S et al (2025) Waterborne polyurethane toughened carbon nanotube paper with excellent Joule heating properties and strain-sensing potential. Carbon Lett 35(5):2423–243410.1007/s42823-025-00934-2 ↗
51. Li M, Wang J, Wang S, Zuo T, Sun W, Gu Y et al (2019) Effect of microstructure on the piezoresistive behavior of carbon nanotube composite film. Mater Res Express 6(2):02503410.1088/2053-1591/aaee3e ↗
52. Li M, Zuo T, Wang S, Gu Y, Gao L, Li Y et al (2018) Piezoresistivity of resin-impregnated carbon nanotube film at high temperatures. Nanotechnology 29(36):36570210.1088/1361-6528/aacc58 ↗
53. Kumar S, Gupta TK, Varadarajan KM (2019) Strong, stretchable and ultrasensitive MWCNT/TPU nanocomposites for piezoresistive strain sensing. Compos Part B: Eng 177:10728510.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107285 ↗