journal article·2023-03

Bias process for heteroepitaxial diamond nucleation on Ir substrates

Weihua Wang, Shilin Yang, Benjian Liu, Xiaobin Hao, Jiecai Han, Bing Dai, Jiaqi Zhu

Carbon Letters· Volume 33· Issue 2
Publisher page

Abstract

Heteroepitaxy is a better method of enlarging SCD wafer size than homoepitaxy. In this work, several aspects of the bias process for heteroepitaxial diamond nucleation are studied experimentally. First, with increasing bias time, the diamond-nucleation pathway is found to transform from “isolated-crystal nucleation” to “typical domain-nucleation” and back to “isolated-crystal nucleation.” An interdependent relationship between bias voltage and bias time is proposed: the higher the bias voltage, the shorter the bias time. Second, a correlation exists between the threshold bias voltage and reactor-chamber pressure: a higher reactor chamber pressure usually requires a higher threshold bias voltage to realize “typical domain nucleation.” Third, diamond bias-enhanced nucleation and growth is observed at a high CH4 content, where the dynamic equilibrium between amorphous-carbon-layer deposition and atomic-hydrogen etching is broken. Finally, epitaxial nucleation is obtained on a substrate with ∅30 mm in a home-made MPCVD setup.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research · Semiconductor materials and devices · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (40)

Show source-provided references
1. Liao MY (2021) Progress in semiconductor diamond photodetectors and MEMS sensors. Funct Diam 1:29–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/26941112.2021.187701910.1080/26941112.2021.1877019 ↗
2. Liu BJ, Bi T, Fu Y, Kudara K, Imanishi S, Liu K, Dai B, Zhu JQ, Kawarada H (2022) MOSFETs on (110) C-H Diamond: ALD Al2O3/Diamond Interface Analysis and High Performance Normally-OFF Operation Realization. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 69:949–955. https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2022.314715210.1109/TED.2022.3147152 ↗
3. Ho KO, Shen Y, Pang YY, Leung WK, Zhao N, Yang S (2021) Diamond quantum sensors: from physics to applications on condensed matter research. Funct Diam 1:160–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/26941112.2021.196492610.1080/26941112.2021.1964926 ↗
4. Lu W, Li J, Miao JY, Chen LX, Wei JJ, Liu JL, Li CM (2021) Application of high-thermal-conductivity diamond for space phased array antenna. Funct Diam 1:189–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/26941112.2021.199621110.1080/26941112.2021.1996211 ↗
5. Wang Y, Wang WH, Yang SL, Shu GY, Dai B, Zhu JQ (2021) Two extreme crystal size scales of diamonds, large single crystal and nanocrystal diamonds: synthesis, properties and their mutual transformation. New Carbon Mater 36:512–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(21)60030-610.1016/S1872-5805(21)60030-6 ↗
6. Yang HC, Ma YD, Dai Y (2021) Progress of structural and electronic properties of diamond: a mini review. Funct Diam 1:150–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/26941112.2021.195628710.1080/26941112.2021.1956287 ↗
7. Schreck M, Gsell S, Brescia R, Fisher M (2017) Ion bombardment induced buried lateral growth: the key mechanism for the synthesis of single crystal diamond wafers. Sci Rep 7:44462. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep4446210.1038/srep44462 ↗
8. Shu GY, Dai B, Bolshakov A, Wang WH, Wang Y, Liu K, Zhao JW, Han JC, Zhu JQ (2021) Coessential-connection by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition: a common process towards wafer scale single crystal diamond. Funct Diam 1:47–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/26941112.2020.186951110.1080/26941112.2020.1869511 ↗
9. Wang WH, Wang Y, Shu GY, Fang SS, Han JC, Dai B, Zhu JQ (2021) Recent progress on controlling dislocation density and behavior during heteroepitaxial single crystal diamond growth. New Carbon Mater 36:1034–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(21)60096-310.1016/S1872-5805(21)60096-3 ↗
10. Wang Y, Wang WH, Shu GY, Fang SS, Dai B, Zhu JQ (2021) Virtues of Ir(1 0 0) substrate on diamond epitaxial growth: first-principle calculation and XPS study. J Cryst Growth 560–561:126047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.12604710.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126047 ↗
11. Vaissiere N, Saada S, Bouttemy M, Etcheberry A, Bergonzo P, Arnault JC (2013) Heteroepitaxial diamond on iridium: new insights on domain formation. Diam Relat Mater 36:16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2013.03.01010.1016/j.diamond.2013.03.010 ↗
12. Gsell S, Schreck M, Benstetter G, Lodermeier E, Stritzker B (2007) Combined AFM–SEM study of the diamond nucleation layer on Ir(001). Diam Relat Mater 16:665–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2006.11.09110.1016/j.diamond.2006.11.091 ↗
13. Schreck M, Gsell S, Brescia R, Fischer M, Bernhard P, Prunici P, Hess P, Stritzker B (2009) Diamond nucleation on iridium: local variations of structure and density within the BEN layer. Diam Relat Mater 18:107–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2008.08.01310.1016/j.diamond.2008.08.013 ↗
14. Gsell S, Berner S, Brugger T, Schreck M, Brescia R, Fischer M, Greber T, Osterwalder J, Stritzker B (2008) Comparative electron diffraction study of the diamond nucleation layer on Ir(001). Diam Relat Mater 17:1029–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2008.02.04010.1016/j.diamond.2008.02.040 ↗
15. Regmi M, More K, Eres G (2012) A narrow biasing window for high density diamond nucleation on Ir/YSZ/Si(100) using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Diam Relat Mater 23:28–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2012.01.00810.1016/j.diamond.2012.01.008 ↗
16. Golding B, Bednarski-Meinke C, Dai Z (2004) Diamond heteroepitaxy: pattern formation and mechanisms. Diam Relat Mater 13:545–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2004.01.04010.1016/j.diamond.2004.01.040 ↗
17. Bauer Th, Gsell S, Hörmann F, Schreck M, Stritzker B (2004) Surface modifications and first stages of heteroepitaxial diamond growth on iridium. Diam Relat Mater 13:335–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2003.10.01810.1016/j.diamond.2003.10.018 ↗
18. Kim SW, Takaya R, Hirano S, Kasu M (2021) Two-inch high-quality (001) diamond heteroepitaxial growth on sapphire (11–20) misoriented substrate by step-flow mode. Appl Phys Express 14:115501. https://doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ac28e710.35848/1882-0786/ac28e7 ↗
19. Yoshikawa T, Herrling D, Meyer F, Burmeister F, Nebel CE, Ambacher O, Lebedev V (2019) Influence of substrate holder configurations on bias enhanced nucleation area for diamond heteroepitaxy: toward wafer-scale single-crystalline diamond synthesis. J Vac Sci Technol B 37:021207. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.508602010.1116/1.5086020 ↗
20. Schreck M, Hörmann F, Roll H, Lindner JKN, Stritzker B (2001) Diamond nucleation on iridium buffer layers and subsequent textured growth: a route for the realization of single-crystal diamond films. Appl Phys Lett 78:192–194. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.133764810.1063/1.1337648 ↗
21. Tang YH, Golding B (2016) Stress engineering of high-quality single crystal diamond by heteroepitaxial lateral overgrowth. Appl Phys Lett 108:52101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.494129110.1063/1.4941291 ↗
22. Wang WH, Dai B, Shu GY, Wang Y, Fang SS, Yang SL, Liu XD, Liu BJ, Xue RB, Zhao JW, Liu K, Yang L, Han JC, Zhu JQ (2021) Competition between diamond nucleation and growth under bias voltage by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Cryst Eng Comm 23:7731–7738. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CE00865J10.1039/D1CE00865J ↗
23. Chavanne A, Barjon J, Vilquin B, Arabski J, Arnault JC (2012) Surface investigations on different nucleation pathways for diamond heteroepitaxial growth on iridium. Diam Relat Mater 22:52–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2011.12.00510.1016/j.diamond.2011.12.005 ↗
24. Delchevalrie J, Saada S, Bachelet R, Saint-Girons G, Arnault JC (2021) Spectroscopic ellipsometry: a sensitive tool to monitor domains formation during the bias enhanced nucleation of heteroepitaxial diamond. Diam Relat Mater 112:108246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2021.10824610.1016/j.diamond.2021.108246 ↗
25. Brescia R (2013) Transmission electron microscopy studies and simulations of heteroepitaxal diamond nucleation on Ir/YSZ/Si. University of Augsburg, Augsburg
26. Brescia R, Schreck M, Gsell S, Fischer M, Stritzker B (2008) Transmission electron microscopy study of the very early stages of diamond growth on iridium. Diam Relat Mater 17:1045–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2008.01.11510.1016/j.diamond.2008.01.115 ↗
27. Schreck M, Stritzker B (1996) Nucleation and growth of heteroepitaxial diamond films on silicon. Phys Status Sol A 154:197–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.221154011610.1002/pssa.2211540116 ↗
28. Brescia R, Schreck M, Michler J, Gsell S, Stritzker B (2007) Interaction of small diamond islands on iridium: a finite element simulation study. Diam Relat Mater 16:705–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2007.01.02910.1016/j.diamond.2007.01.029 ↗
29. Yaita J, Suto T, Natal M-E, Saddow SE, Hatano M, Iwasaki T (2018) In situ bias current monitoring of nucleation for epitaxial diamonds on 3C-SiC/Si substrates. Diam Relat Mater 88:158–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2018.07.01110.1016/j.diamond.2018.07.011 ↗
30. Lifshitz Y, Kasi SR, Rabalais JW (1990) Subplantation model for film growth from hyperthermal species. Phys Rev B 15:10468–10480. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.41.1046810.1103/PhysRevB.41.10468 ↗
31. Lifshitz Y, Kasi SR, Rabalais JW (1989) Subplantation model for film growth from hyperthermal species: application to diamond. Phys Rev Lett 11:1290–1293. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.129010.1103/PhysRevLett.62.1290 ↗
32. Liu Y, Liu C, Chen Y, Tzeng Y, Tso P, Lin I (2004) Effects of hydrogen additive on microwave plasma CVD of nanocrystalline diamond in mixtures of argon and methane. Diam Relat Mater 13:671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2003.11.08810.1016/j.diamond.2003.11.088 ↗
33. Chu YC, Tzeng Y, Auciello O (2014) Microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of nanocrystalline diamond films by bias-enhanced nucleation and bias-enhanced growth. J Appl Phys 114:024308. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.486141710.1063/1.4861417 ↗
34. Teng KY, Chen HC, Tzeng GC, Tang CY, Cheng HF, Lin IN (2012) Bias-enhanced nucleation and growth processes for improving the electron field emission properties of diamond films. J Appl Phys 111:053701. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.368791810.1063/1.3687918 ↗
35. Alcantar-Peña JJ, Obaldia E, Montes-Gutierrez J, Kang K, Arellano-Jimenez MJ, Ortega Aguilar JE, Suchy GP, Berman-Mendoza D, Garcia R, Yacaman MJ, Auciello O (2017) Fundamentals towards large area synthesis of multifunctional ultrananocrystalline diamond films via large area hot filament chemical vapor deposition bias enhanced nucleation/bias enhanced growth for fabrication of broad range of multifunctional devices. Diam Relat Mater 78:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2017.07.00410.1016/j.diamond.2017.07.004 ↗
36. Schreck M, Hessmer R, Geier S, Rauschenbach B, Stritzker B (1994) Structural characterization of diamond films grown epitaxially on silicon. Diam Relat Mater 3:510–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-9635(94)90213-510.1016/0925-9635(94)90213-5 ↗
37. Fischer M, Freund AK, Gsell S, Schreck M, Courtois P, Stehl C, Borchert G, Ofner A, Skoulatos M, Andersen KH (2013) Structural analysis of diamond mosaic crystals for neutron monochromators using synchrotron radiation. Diam Relat Mater 37:41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2013.04.01210.1016/j.diamond.2013.04.012 ↗
38. Schreck M, Thürer K-H, Stritzker B (1997) Limitations of the process window for the bias enhanced nucleation of heteroepitaxial diamond films on silicon in the time domain. J Appl Phys 81:3092–3095. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.36431910.1063/1.364319 ↗
39. Schreck M, Roll H, Michler J, Blank E, Stritzker B (2000) Stress distribution in thin heteroepitaxial diamond films on IrSrTiO3 studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and finite element simulations. J Appl Phys 88:2456–2466. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.128752110.1063/1.1287521 ↗
40. Wang WH, Liu K, Yang SL, Ralchenko V, Han JC, Dai B, Zhu JQ (2022) Comparison of heteroepitaxial diamond nucleation and growth on roughened and flat Ir/SrTiO3 substrates. Vacuum 204:111374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.11137410.1016/j.vacuum.2022.111374 ↗