DataVXCarbon LettersPaper
journal article·2025-12

Effect of precursor structure on the pore structure and capacitance properties of porous carbons prepared by zinc chloride activation

Guishan Liu, Tao Huang, Hai Li, Xihong Zu, Yingjuan Sun, Wenli Zhang

Carbon Letters· Volume 35· Issue 6
Publisher page
Bibliographic record

Abstract

No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.

Source: Not provided · Quality: missing

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication · Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Conducting polymers and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (52)

Show source-provided references
1. Huang Y, Wang Y, Tang C, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhang J (2019) Atomic modulation and structure design of carbons for bifunctional electrocatalysis in metal-air batteries. Adv Mater 31(13):1803800. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20180380010.1002/adma.201803800 ↗
2. Cano ZP, Banham D, Ye S, Hintennach A, Lu J, Fowler M, Chen Z (2018) Batteries and fuel cells for emerging electric vehicle markets. Nat Energy 3(4):279–289. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0108-110.1038/s41560-018-0108-1 ↗
3. Borghei M, Lehtonen J, Liu L, Rojas OJ (2018) Advanced biomass-derived electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Adv Mater 30(24):1703691. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20170369110.1002/adma.201703691 ↗
4. Wu F, Yang H, Bai Y, Wu C (2019) Paving the path toward reliable cathode materials for aluminum-ion batteries. Adv Mater 31(16):1806510. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20180651010.1002/adma.201806510 ↗
5. Wan F, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Liu D, Wang C, Song L, Niu Z, Chen J (2019) Reversible oxygen redox chemistry in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Angew Chem-Int Edit 58(21):7062–706710.1002/anie.201902679 ↗
6. Yang C, Chen J, Ji X, Pollard TP, Lü X, Sun C-J, Hou S, Liu Q, Liu C, Qing T, Wang Y, Borodin O, Ren Y, Xu K, Wang C (2019) Aqueous Li-ion battery enabled by halogen conversion–intercalation chemistry in graphite. Nature 569(7755):245–250. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1175-610.1038/s41586-019-1175-6 ↗
7. Jiang L, Lu Y, Zhao C, Liu L, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Shen X, Zhao J, Yu X, Li H, Huang X, Chen L, Hu Y-S (2019) Building aqueous K-ion batteries for energy storage. Nat Energy 4(6):495–503. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0388-010.1038/s41560-019-0388-0 ↗
8. Zhang C, Nicolosi V (2019) Graphene and MXene-based transparent conductive electrodes and supercapacitors. Energy Storage Mater 16:102–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2018.05.00310.1016/j.ensm.2018.05.003 ↗
9. Lv T, Liu M, Zhu D, Gan L, Chen T (2018) Nanocarbon-based materials for flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors. Adv Mater 30(17):1705489. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20170548910.1002/adma.201705489 ↗
10. Da Y, Liu J, Zhou L, Zhu X, Chen X, Fu L (2019) Engineering 2D architectures toward high-performance micro-supercapacitors. Adv Mater 31(1):1802793. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20180279310.1002/adma.201802793 ↗
11. Dunn B, Kamath H, Tarascon J-M (2011) Electrical energy storage for the grid: a battery of choices. Science 334(6058):928–935. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.121274110.1126/science.1212741 ↗
12. Simon P, Gogotsi Y (2008) Materials for electrochemical capacitors. Nat Mater 7(11):845–854. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat229710.1038/nmat2297 ↗
13. Zuo W, Li R, Zhou C, Li Y, Xia J, Liu J (2017) Battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices: recent progress and future prospects. Adv Sci 4(7):1600539. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.20160053910.1002/advs.201600539 ↗
14. Javed MS, Asim S, Najam T, Khalid M, Hussain I, Ahmad A, Assiri MA, Han W (2023) Recent progress in flexible Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors: fundamentals, fabrication designs, and applications. Carbon Energy 5(1):e27110.1002/cey2.271 ↗
15. Liu X, Sun Y, Tong Y, Wang X, Zheng J, Wu Y, Li H, Niu L, Hou Y (2021) Exploration in materials, electrolytes and performance towards metal ion (Li, Na, K, Zn and Mg)-based hybrid capacitors: a review. Nano Energy 86:106070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.10607010.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106070 ↗
16. Zhang P, Li Y, Wang G, Wang F, Yang S, Zhu F, Zhuang X, Schmidt OG, Feng X (2019) Zn-ion hybrid micro-supercapacitors with ultrahigh areal energy density and long-term durability. Adv Mater 31(3):1806005. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20180600510.1002/adma.201806005 ↗
17. An G-H, Hong J, Pak S, Cho Y, Lee S, Hou B, Cha S (2020) 2D Metal Zn Nanostructure Electrodes for High-Performance Zn Ion Supercapacitors. Adv Energy Mater 10(3):1902981. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20190298110.1002/aenm.201902981 ↗
18. Wu S, Chen Y, Jiao T, Zhou J, Cheng J, Liu B, Yang S, Zhang K, Zhang W (2019) An aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor with high energy density and ultrastability up to 80 000 cycles. Adv Energy Mater 9(47):1902915. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20190291510.1002/aenm.201902915 ↗
19. Lu Y, Li Z, Bai Z, Mi H, Ji C, Pang H, Yu C, Qiu J (2019) High energy-power Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors enabled by layered B/N co-doped carbon cathode. Nano Energy 66:104132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.10413210.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104132 ↗
20. Yin J, Zhang W, Wang W, Alhebshi NA, Salah N, Alshareef HN (2020) Electrochemical zinc ion capacitors enhanced by redox reactions of porous carbon cathodes. Adv Energy Mater 10(37):2001705. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20200170510.1002/aenm.202001705 ↗
21. Liu P, Liu W, Huang Y, Li P, Yan J, Liu K (2020) Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres boosted, integrated high performance aqueous Zn-ion energy storage. Energy Storage Mater 25:858–865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.09.00410.1016/j.ensm.2019.09.004 ↗
22. Su Z, Ling HY, Li M, Qian S, Chen H, Lai C, Zhang S (2020) Honeycomb-like carbon materials derived from coffee extract via a “salty” thermal treatment for high-performance Li-I2 batteries. Carbon Energy 2(2):265–27510.1002/cey2.40 ↗
23. Lei Y, Liang X, Yang L, Jiang P, Lei Z, Wu S, Feng J (2020) Novel hierarchical porous carbon prepared by a one-step template route for electric double layer capacitors and Li–Se battery devices. J Mater Chem A 8(8):4376–438510.1039/C9TA13753J ↗
24. Gadipelli S, Howard CA, Guo J, Skipper NT, Zhang H, Shearing PR, Brett DJL (2020) Superior multifunctional activity of nanoporous carbons with widely tunable porosity: enhanced storage capacities for carbon-dioxide, hydrogen, water, and electric charge. Adv Energy Mater 10(9):1903649. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20190364910.1002/aenm.201903649 ↗
25. Chen Y, Qiu XM, Fan LZ (2020) Nitrogen -rich hierarchically porous carbon foams as high-performance electrodes for lithium -based dual -ion capacitor. J Energy Chem 48:187–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.01.02410.1016/j.jechem.2020.01.024 ↗
26. Chen HX, Lu XY, Wang HH, Sui DP, Meng FB, Qi W (2020) Controllable fabrication of nitrogen -doped porous nanocarbons for high-performance supercapacitors via supramolecular modulation strategy. J Energy Chem 49:348–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.02.04310.1016/j.jechem.2020.02.043 ↗
27. Sun Q, He B, Zhang X-Q, Lu A-H (2015) Engineering of hollow core-shell interlinked carbon spheres for highly stable lithium-sulfur batteries. ACS Nano 9(8):8504–8513. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b0348810.1021/acsnano.5b03488 ↗
28. Yu J, Wang L, Peng J, Jia X, Zhou L, Yang N, Li L (2021) O-doped porous carbon derived from biomass waste for high-performance zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors. Ionics 27(10):4495–4505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-021-04179-710.1007/s11581-021-04179-7 ↗
29. Xue B, Liu C, Wang X, Feng Y, Xu J, Gong F, Xiao R (2024) Urea-boosted gas-exfoliation synthesis of lignin-derived porous carbon for zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors. Chem Eng J 480:147994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.14799410.1016/j.cej.2023.147994 ↗
30. Zhu J, Huang T, Lu M, Qiu X, Zhang W (2024) Sustainable lignin-derived hierarchical mesoporous carbon synthesized by a renewable nano-calcium carbonate hard template method and its utilization in zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors. Green Chem 26(9):5441–5451. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00323C10.1039/D4GC00323C ↗
31. Zhang W, Cheng R-r, Bi H-h, Lu Y-h, Ma L-b, He X-j (2021) A review of porous carbons produced by template methods for supercapacitor applications. New Carbon Mater 36(1):69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(21)60005-710.1016/S1872-5805(21)60005-7 ↗
32. Zhao X, Gao P, Shen B, Wang X, Yue T, Han Z (2023) Recent advances in lignin-derived mesoporous carbon based-on template methods. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 188:113808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.11380810.1016/j.rser.2023.113808 ↗
33. Guo Z, Han X, Zhang C, He S, Liu K, Hu J, Yang W, Jian S, Jiang S, Duan G (2024) Activation of biomass-derived porous carbon for supercapacitors: a review. Chin Chem Lett 35(7):109007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2023.10900710.1016/j.cclet.2023.109007 ↗
34. Liou T-H (2010) Development of mesoporous structure and high adsorption capacity of biomass-based activated carbon by phosphoric acid and zinc chloride activation. Chem Eng J 158(2):129–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.12.01610.1016/j.cej.2009.12.016 ↗
35. Rufford TE, Hulicova-Jurcakova D, Khosla K, Zhu Z, Lu GQ (2010) Microstructure and electrochemical double-layer capacitance of carbon electrodes prepared by zinc chloride activation of sugar cane bagasse. J Power Sources 195(3):912–918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.04810.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.048 ↗
36. Sayğılı H, Güzel F (2016) High surface area mesoporous activated carbon from tomato processing solid waste by zinc chloride activation: process optimization, characterization and dyes adsorption. J Clean Prod 113:995–1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.05510.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.055 ↗
37. Li M, Xu F, Li H, Wang Y (2016) Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials: promising catalysts or catalyst supports for heterogeneous hydrogenation and oxidation. Catal Sci Technol 6(11):3670–3693. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CY00544F10.1039/C6CY00544F ↗
38. Liu Z, Zeng J, Dong Z, Chen Y, Yang H, Chen H (2024) Insight into the mechanism of lignin amination pretreatment on lignin structure and its pyrolysis property for lignin valorization. Chem Eng J 499:156386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.15638610.1016/j.cej.2024.156386 ↗
39. Chen S, Cheng H, Wu S (2020) Pyrolysis characteristics and volatiles formation rule of organic solvent fractionized kraft lignin. Fuel 270:117520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.11752010.1016/j.fuel.2020.117520 ↗
40. Ma H, Li T, Wu S, Zhang X (2021) Demethylation of a methoxy group to inhibit repolymerization during alkaline lignin pyrolysis. Fuel 286:119394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.11939410.1016/j.fuel.2020.119394 ↗
41. Fang W, Yang S, Wang X-L, Yuan T-Q, Sun R-C (2017) Manufacture and application of lignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs) and lignin-based carbon nanofibers (LCNFs). Green Chem 19(8):1794–1827. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6GC03206K10.1039/C6GC03206K ↗
42. Brandt A, Chen L, van Dongen BE, Welton T, Hallett JP (2015) Structural changes in lignins isolated using an acidic ionic liquid water mixture. Green Chem 17(11):5019–5034. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5GC01314C10.1039/C5GC01314C ↗
43. Kubo S, Kadla JF (2005) Hydrogen bonding in lignin: a Fourier transform infrared model compound study. Biomacromol 6(5):2815–2821. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm050288q10.1021/bm050288q ↗
44. Li W, Zhang Y, Das L, Wang Y, Li M, Wanninayake N, Pu Y, Kim DY, Cheng Y-T, Ragauskas AJ, Shi J (2018) Linking lignin source with structural and electrochemical properties of lignin-derived carbon materials. RSC Adv 8(68):38721–38732. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA08539K10.1039/C8RA08539K ↗
45. Zhao L, Jian W, Zhang X, Wen F, Zhu J, Huang S, Yin J, Lu K, Zhou M, Zhang W, Qiu X (2022) Multi-scale self-templating synthesis strategy of lignin-derived hierarchical porous carbons toward high-performance zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors. J Energy Storage 53:105095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.10509510.1016/j.est.2022.105095 ↗
46. Ferrero GA, Fuertes AB, Sevilla M (2015) N-doped porous carbon capsules with tunable porosity for high-performance supercapacitors. J Mater Chem A 3(6):2914–2923. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA06022A10.1039/C4TA06022A ↗
47. Shao Y, Sun Z, Tian Z, Li S, Wu G, Wang M, Tong X, Shen F, Xia Z, Tung V, Sun J, Shao Y (2021) Regulating oxygen substituents with optimized redox activity in chemically reduced graphene oxide for aqueous Zn-ion hybrid capacitor. Adv Funct Mater 31(6):2007843. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20200784310.1002/adfm.202007843 ↗
48. Wu J, Liu R, Li M, Luo X, Lai W, Zhang X, Li D, Yu F, Chen Y (2022) Boosting effects of hydroxyl groups on porous carbon for improved aqueous zinc-ion capacitors. J Energy Storage 48:103996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.10399610.1016/j.est.2022.103996 ↗
49. Du J, Chen A, Liu L, Li B, Zhang Y (2020) N-doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres prepared by polybenzoxazines precursor for energy storage. Carbon 160:265–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.01.01810.1016/j.carbon.2020.01.018 ↗
50. Zhou Y, Ren X, Du Y, Jiang Y, Wan J, Ma F (2020) In-situ template cooperated with urea to construct pectin-derived hierarchical porous carbon with optimized pore structure for supercapacitor. Electrochim Acta 355:136801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.13680110.1016/j.electacta.2020.136801 ↗
51. Pang J, Zhang W, Zhang J, Cao G, Han M, Yang Y (2017) Facile and sustainable synthesis of sodium lignosulfonate derived hierarchical porous carbons for supercapacitors with high volumetric energy densities. Green Chem 19(16):3916–3926. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC01434A10.1039/C7GC01434A ↗
52. Pang J, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang H, Cao G, Han M, Yang Y (2018) Sustainable nitrogen-containing hierarchical porous carbon spheres derived from sodium lignosulfonate for high-performance supercapacitors. Carbon 132:280–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.02.07710.1016/j.carbon.2018.02.077 ↗