Salt-activated phenolic resin/PAN-derived core-sheath nanostructured carbon nanofiber composites for capacitive energy storage
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, we have fabricated the phenolic resin (PR)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blend-derived core-sheath nanostructured carbon nanofibers (CNFs) via one-pot solution electrospinning. The obtained core-sheath nanostructured carbon nanofibers were further treated by mixed salt activation process to develop the activated porous CNFs (CNF-A). Compared to pure PAN-based CNFs, the activated PR/PAN blend with PR 20% (CNF28-A)-derived core-sheath nanostructured CNFs showed enhanced specific capacitance of ~ 223 F g−1 under a three-electrode configuration. Besides, the assembled symmetric CNF28-A//CNF28-A device possessed a specific capacitance of 76.7 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and exhibited good stability of 111% after 5,000 galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) cycles, which verifies the outstanding long-term cycle stability of the device. Moreover, the fabricated supercapacitor device delivered an energy density of 8.63 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 450 W kg−1.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication · Conducting polymers and applications · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (45)
Show source-provided references
1. Li L, Wu Z, Yuan S, Zhang XB (2014) Advances and challenges for flexible energy storage and conversion devices and systems. Energy Environ Sci 7(7):2101–212210.1039/c4ee00318g ↗
2. Kong M, Wang Z, Wang W, Ma M, Liu D, Hao S, Kong R, Asiri AM, Yao Y, Sun X (2017) NiCoP nanoaray: A superior pseudocapacitor electrode with high areal capacitance. Chem Euro J 23:4435–444110.1002/chem.201700017 ↗
3. Radhakrishnan S, Selvaraj SC, Kim BS (2022) Morphology engineering of Co-MOF nanostructures to tune their electrochemical performances for electrocatalyst and energy-storage applications supported by DFT studies. Appl Surf Sci 605:15469110.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154691 ↗
4. Park J, Ko TH, Balasubramaniam S, Seo MK, Khil MS, Kim HY, Kim BS (2019) Enhancing the performance and stability of NiCo2O4 nanoneedle coated on Ni foam electrodes with Ni seed layer for supercapacitor applications. Ceram Int 45:13099–1311110.1016/j.ceramint.2019.03.244 ↗
5. Seong JG, Ko TH, Lei D, Choi WK, Kuk YS, Seo MK, Kim BS (2022) Engineered NiCo-LDH nanosheets- and ZnFe2O4 nanocubes-decorated carbon nanofiber bonded mats for high-rate asymmetric supercapacitors. Green Energy Enviro 7(6):1228–124010.1016/j.gee.2021.01.015 ↗
6. Chen C, Zhao M, Cai Y, Zhao G, Xie Y, Zhang L, Zhu G, Pan L (2021) Scalable synthesis of strutted nitrogen doped hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets for supercapacitors with both high gravimetric and volumetric performances. Carbon 179:458–46810.1016/j.carbon.2021.04.062 ↗
7. Vargheese S, Pattappan D, Kavya KV, Sivaramkumar MS, Kumar RTR, Haldorai Y (2021) Heteroatom-doped mesoporous carbon prepared from a covalent organic framework/α-MnO2 composite for high-performance supercapacitor. Carbon Lett 31:1309–131610.1007/s42823-021-00268-9 ↗
8. Liu X, Marlow MN, Cooper SJ, Song B, Chen X, Brandon NP, Wu B (2018) Flexible all-fiber electrospun supercapacitor. J Power Sour 384:264–26910.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.02.081 ↗
9. Kim DY, Ma CH, Jang Y, Radhakrishnan S, Ko TH, Kim BS (2022) A simple and green approach to develop porous carbons from biomass lignin for advanced asymmetric supercapacitors. Colloids Surf A 652:12978510.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129785 ↗
10. Ma C, Song Y, Shi J, Zhang D, Zhong M, Guo Q, Liu L (2012) Phenolic-based carbon nanofiber webs prepared by electrospinning for supercapacitors. Mater Lett 76:211–21410.1016/j.matlet.2012.02.100 ↗
11. Saravanakumar B, Ko TH, Kim BS (2018) Rational design of binder-free ZnCo2O4 and Fe2O3 decorated porous 3D Ni as high-performance electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitor. Ceram Int 44(9):10635–1064510.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.091 ↗
12. Xuan D, Liu J, Wang D, Lu Z, Liu Q, Liu Y, Li S, Zheng Z (2020) Facile preparation of low-cost and cross-linked carbon nanofibers derived from PAN/PMMA/lignin as supercapacitor electrodes. Energy Fuels 35(1):796–80510.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02511 ↗
13. Jia M, Geng S, Jiang Q, Xu C, Zhang Y, Yin G, Jia F, Wang X, Zhou T, Liu B (2021) A strategy to prepare activated carbon fiber membranes for flexible solid-state supercapacitor applications. J Mater Sci 56(5):3911–392410.1007/s10853-020-05540-3 ↗
14. Cai J, Niu H, Li Z, Du Y, Cizek P, Xie Z, Xiong H, Lin T (2015) High-performance supercapacitor electrode materials from cellulose-derived carbon nanofibers. ACS Appl Mater Inter 7(27):14946–1495310.1021/acsami.5b03757 ↗
15. Lei D, Li XD, Seo MK, Khil MS, Kim HY, Kim BS (2017) NiCo2O4 nanostructure-decorated PAN/lignin based carbon nanofiber electrodes with excellent cyclability for flexible hybrid supercapacitors. Polymer 132:31–4010.1016/j.polymer.2017.10.051 ↗
16. Lim C, Ko Y, Kwak CH, Kim S, Lee YS (2022) Mesophase pitch production aided by the thermal decomposition of polyvinylidene fuoride. Carbon Letters 32:1329–133510.1007/s42823-022-00369-z ↗
17. Wang C, Hu K, Li W, Wang H, Li H, Zou Y, Zhao C, Li Z, Yu M, Tan P (2018) Wearable wire-shaped symmetric supercapacitors based on activated carbon-coated graphite fibers. ACS Appl Mater Inter 10(40):34302–3431010.1021/acsami.8b12279 ↗
18. Kim C, Jeong YI, Ngoc BTN, Yang KS, Kojima M, Kim YA, Endo M, Lee JW (2007) Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon nanofibers with hollow cores through the thermal treatment of electrospun copolymeric nanofiber webs. Small 3(1):91–9510.1002/smll.200600243 ↗
19. Wang J, Kaskel S (2012) KOH activation of carbon-based materials for energy storage. J Mater Chem 22(45):23710–2372510.1039/c2jm34066f ↗
20. Wu M, Zha Q, Qiu J, Guo Y, Shang H, Yuan A (2004) Preparation and characterization of porous carbons from PAN-based preoxidized cloth by KOH activation. Carbon 42(1):205–21010.1016/j.carbon.2003.10.025 ↗
21. Lillo-Ródenas M, Cazorla-Amorós D, Linares-Solano A (2003) Understanding chemical reactions between carbons and NaOH and KOH: an insight into the chemical activation mechanism. Carbon 41(2):267–27510.1016/S0008-6223(02)00279-8 ↗
22. Muniandy L, Adam F, Mohamed AR, Ng EP (2014) The synthesis and characterization of high purity mixed microporous/mesoporous activated carbon from rice husk using chemical activation with NaOH and KOH. Micro Mesopor Mater 197:316–32310.1016/j.micromeso.2014.06.020 ↗
23. Ma C, Wang R, Xie Z, Zhang H, Li Z, Shi J (2017) Preparation and molten salt-assisted KOH activation of porous carbon nanofibers for use as supercapacitor electrodes. J Porous Mater 24(6):1437–144510.1007/s10934-017-0384-3 ↗
24. Mit-uppatham C, Nithitanakul M, Supaphol P (2004) Ultrafine electrospun polyamide-6 fibers: effect of solution conditions on morphology and average fiber diameter. Macromol Chem Phys 205(17):2327–233810.1002/macp.200400225 ↗
25. Manfredi L, De la Osa O, Fernández NG, Vázquez A (1999) Structure–properties relationship for resols with different formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio. Polymer 40(13):3867–387510.1016/S0032-3861(98)00615-6 ↗
26. Yang M, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Men X, Ren G (2015) In situ reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide to improve the tribological behavior of a phenol formaldehyde composite coating. Friction 3(1):72–8110.1007/s40544-015-0076-4 ↗
27. Fitzer E, Müller D (1975) The influence of oxygen on the chemical reactions during stabilization of pan as carbon fiber precursor. Carbon 13(1):63–6910.1016/0008-6223(75)90259-6 ↗
28. Yoon SH, Lim S, Song Y, Ota Y, Qiao W, Tanaka A, Mochida I (2004) KOH activation of carbon nanofibers. Carbon 42(8–9):1723–172910.1016/j.carbon.2004.03.006 ↗
29. Li J, Su S, Zhou L, Kundrát V, Abbot AM, Mushtaq F, Ouyang D, James D, Roberts D, Ye H (2013) Carbon nanowalls grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition during the carbonization of polyacrylonitrile fibers. J Appl Phys 113(2):02431310.1063/1.4774218 ↗
30. Wang X, Gao K, Shao Z, Peng X, Wu X, Wang F (2014) Layer-by-Layer assembled hybrid multilayer thin film electrodes based on transparent cellulose nanofibers paper for flexible supercapacitors applications. J Power Sources 249:148–15510.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.09.130 ↗
31. Ma C, Ruan S, Wang J, Long D, Qiao W, Ling L (2018) Free-standing carbon nanofiber fabrics for high performance flexible supercapacitor. J Colloid Interface Sci 531:513–52210.1016/j.jcis.2018.06.093 ↗
32. Li K, Zhao B, Zhang H, Lv H, Bai J, Ma H, Wang P, Li W, Si J, Zhu X (2021) 3D Porous Honeycomb-Like CoN-Ni3N/N-C Nanosheets Integrated Electrode for High-Energy-Density Flexible Supercapacitor. Adv Func Mater 31(28):210307310.1002/adfm.202103073 ↗
33. Dai S, Yuan Y, Yu J, Tang J, Zhou J, Tang W (2018) Metal–organic framework-templated synthesis of sulfur-doped core–sheath nanoarrays and nanoporous carbon for flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors. Nanoscale 10(33):15454–1546110.1039/C8NR03743D ↗
34. Yang Z, Zhao W, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Xiang X, Li Q (2018) Direct spinning of high-performance graphene fiber supercapacitor with a three-ply core-sheath structure. Carbon 132:241–24810.1016/j.carbon.2018.02.041 ↗
35. Wang Y, Chang Z, Qian M, Zhang Z, Lin J, Huang F (2019) Enhanced specific capacitance by a new dual redox-active electrolyte in activated carbon-based supercapacitors. Carbon 143:300–30810.1016/j.carbon.2018.11.033 ↗
36. Liu X, Zhang Y, Xia X, Shi S, Lu Y, Wang XL, Gu C, Tu J (2013) Self-assembled porous NiCo2O4 hetero-structure array for electrochemical capacitor. J Power Sources 239:157–16310.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.03.106 ↗
37. Liu X, Shi S, Xiong Q, Li L, Zhang Y, Tang H, Gu C, Wang X, Tu J (2013) Hierarchical NiCo2O4@NiCo2O4 core/shell nanoflake arrays as high-performance supercapacitor materials. ACS Appl Mater Interface 5(17):8790–879510.1021/am402681m ↗
38. Cheng F, Yang X, Zhang S, Lu W (2020) Boosting the supercapacitor performances of activated carbon with carbon nanomaterials. J Power Source 450:22767810.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227678 ↗
39. Jiang Y, Li J, Jiang Z, Shi M, Sheng R, Liu Z, Zhang S, Cao Y, Wei T, Fan Z (2021) Large-surface-area activated carbon with high density by electrostatic densification for supercapacitor electrodes. Carbon 175:281–28810.1016/j.carbon.2021.01.016 ↗
40. Wang G, Zhang J, Kuang S, Zhou J, Xing W, Zhuo S (2015) Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 153:273–27910.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.006 ↗
41. Huang Y, Peng L, Liu Y, Zhao G, Chen JY, Yu G (2016) Biobased nano porous active carbon fibers for high-performance supercapacitors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(24):15205–1521510.1021/acsami.6b02214 ↗
42. Pang J, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang H, Cao G, Han M, Yang Y (2018) Sustainable nitrogen-containing hierarchical porous carbon spheres derived from sodium lignosulfonate for high-performance supercapacitors. Carbon 132:280–29310.1016/j.carbon.2018.02.077 ↗
43. Li Z, Li Y, Wang L, Cao L, Liu X, Chen Z, Pan D, Wu M (2017) Assembling nitrogen and oxygen co-doped graphene quantum dots onto hierarchical carbon networks for all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 235:561–56910.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.147 ↗
44. Na W, Jun J, Park JW, Lee G, Jang J (2017) Highly porous carbon nanofibers co-doped with fluorine and nitrogen for outstanding supercapacitor performance. J Mater Chem A 5(33):17379–1738710.1039/C7TA04406B ↗
45. Xue G, Zhong J, Cheng Y, Wang B (2016) Facile fabrication of cross-linked carbon nanofiber via directly carbonizing electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber as high performance scaffold for supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 215:29–3510.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.063 ↗