Graphene exfoliation with supercritical fluids
Source abstract
Abstract
Graphene is an unconventional material with a two-dimensional hexagonal crystalline array of elemental carbon atoms and outstanding properties; accordingly, a desirable objective in the line of research of graphene is the development of novel and more productive methods of synthesis, validating its properties and applications. In our exploratory research, we have effectively exfoliated graphene from graphite using supercritical fluids (water, ethanol and carbon dioxide). The exfoliated graphene was properly characterized; via scanning electron microscopy, the morphology of graphene was observed; Raman spectra confirmed the exfoliation of graphene depicting the characteristic shift towards smaller Raman number in the 2D band (2676 cm−1) compared to that of graphite (≈ 2700 cm−1); transmission electron microscopy analysis exhibited the crystalline structure of graphene attesting also the expected transparency of exfoliated layers. Graphene exfoliation from graphite by supercritical fluids promises to be a simple large-scale method for graphene production.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Carbon Nanotubes in Composites · Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (24)
Show source-provided references
1. Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV, Firsov AA (2004) Electric field in atomically thin carbon films. Science (80-) 306:666–669. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.110289610.1126/science.1102896 ↗
2. Novoselov KS, Jiang D, Schedin F, Booth TJ, Khotkevich VV, Morozov SV, Geim AK (2005) Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:10451–10453. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.050284810210.1073/pnas.0502848102 ↗
3. Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6:183–191. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat184910.1038/nmat1849 ↗
4. Whitener KE, Sheehan PE (2014) Graphene synthesis. Diam Relat Mater 46:25–3410.1016/j.diamond.2014.04.006 ↗
5. Padmajan Sasikala S, Poulin P, Aymonier C (2016) Prospects of supercritical fluids in realizing graphene-based functional materials. Adv Mater 28:2663–269110.1002/adma.201504436 ↗
6. Wei Y, Sun Z (2015) Liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite for mass production of pristine few-layer graphene. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 20:311–32110.1016/j.cocis.2015.10.010 ↗
7. Pu NW, Wang CA, Sung Y, Liu YM, Der GM (2009) Production of few-layer graphene by supercritical CO2 exfoliation of graphite. Mater Lett 63:1987–1989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.06.03110.1016/j.matlet.2009.06.031 ↗
8. Sim HS, Kim TA, Lee KH, Park M (2012) Preparation of graphene nanosheets through repeated supercritical carbon dioxide process. Mater Lett 89:343–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.08.10410.1016/j.matlet.2012.08.104 ↗
9. Lee SY, Park SJ (2014) Isothermal exfoliation of graphene oxide by a new carbon dioxide pressure swing method. Carbon N Y 68:112–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.10.06810.1016/j.carbon.2013.10.068 ↗
10. Wang W, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhao Y (2014) Control of number of graphene layers using ultrasound in supercritical CO2 and their application in lithium-ion batteries. J Supercrit Fluids 85:95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2013.11.00510.1016/j.supflu.2013.11.005 ↗
11. Li L, Xu J, Li G, Jia X, Li Y, Yang F, Zhang L, Xu C, Gao J, Liu Y, Fang Z (2016) Preparation of graphene nanosheets by shear-assisted supercritical CO2 exfoliation. Chem Eng J 284:78–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.07710.1016/j.cej.2015.08.077 ↗
12. Gao H, Zhu K, Hu G, Xue C (2017) Large-scale graphene production by ultrasound-assisted exfoliation of natural graphite in supercritical CO2/H2O medium. Chem Eng J 308:872–879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.09.13210.1016/j.cej.2016.09.132 ↗
13. Gai Y, Wang W, Xiao D, Zhao Y (2018) Ultrasound coupled with supercritical carbon dioxide for exfoliation of graphene: simulation and experiment. Ultrason Sonochem 41:181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.00710.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.007 ↗
14. Wang Y, Chen Z, Wu Z, Li Y, Yang W, Li Y (2018) High-efficiency production of graphene by supercritical CO2 exfoliation with rapid expansion. Langmuir. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b0103010.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01030 ↗
15. Rangappa D, Sone K, Wang M, Gautam UK, Golberg D, Itoh H, Ichihara M, Honma I (2010) Rapid and direct conversion of graphite crystals into high-yielding, good-quality graphene by supercritical fluid exfoliation. Chem A Eur J 16:6488–6494. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.20100019910.1002/chem.201000199 ↗
16. Hadi A, Karimi-Sabet J, Moosavian SMA, Ghorbanian S (2016) Optimization of graphene production by exfoliation of graphite in supercritical ethanol: a response surface methodology approach. J Supercrit Fluids 107:92–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2015.08.02210.1016/j.supflu.2015.08.022 ↗
17. Sasikala SP, Huang K, Giroire B, Prabhakaran P, Henry L, Penicaud A, Poulin P, Aymonier C (2016) Simultaneous graphite exfoliation and n doping in supercritical ammonia. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:30964–30971. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b1057010.1021/acsami.6b10570 ↗
18. Liu C, Hu G, Gao H (2012) Preparation of few-layer and single-layer graphene by exfoliation of expandable graphite in supercritical N, N-dimethylformamide. J Supercrit Fluids 63:99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2012.01.00210.1016/j.supflu.2012.01.002 ↗
19. Gupta A, Chen G, Joshi P, Tadigadapa S, Eklund PC (2006) Raman scattering from high-frequency phonons in supported n-graphene layer films. Nano Lett 6:2667–2673. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl061420a10.1021/nl061420a ↗
20. Ferrari AC (2007) Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: disorder, electron-phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects. Solid State Commun 143:47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2007.03.05210.1016/j.ssc.2007.03.052 ↗
21. Ferrari AC, Meyer JC, Scardaci V, Casiraghi C, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, Piscanec S, Jiang D, Novoselov KS, Roth S, Geim AK (2006) Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. Phys Rev Lett. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.18740110.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401 ↗
22. Tomai T, Tamura N, Honma I (2013) One-step production of anisotropically etched graphene using supercritical water. ACS Macro Lett 2:794–798. https://doi.org/10.1021/mz400186t10.1021/mz400186t ↗
23. Belyaeva LA, van Deursen PMG, Barbetsea KI, Schneider GF (2018) Hydrophilicity of graphene in water through transparency to polar and dispersive interactions. Adv Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20170327410.1002/adma.201703274 ↗
24. Goto M (2009) Chemical recycling of plastics using sub- and supercritical fluids. J Supercrit Fluids 47:500–50710.1016/j.supflu.2008.10.011 ↗